Phyllanthus muellerianus (Euphorbiaceae) Restores Ovarian Functions in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats

Table 3

Effects of clomiphene citrate, metformin, and aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. mullerianus on glucose tolerance of rats after 7 and 14 days of treatment.

Groups	Doses	Blood glucose level (mg/dL)
				Time
		0 min	30 min	60 min	90 min	120 min
Control	10 ml/kg	70.14 ± 3.99	89.57 ± 9.82	92.14 ± 4.55	96 ± 7.88	93.86 ± 4.86
			7 days
PCOS+Distilled water	10 ml/kg	96.13 ± 3.74	128.63 ± 2.09^μμ	121 ± 4.65^μμ	137.13 ± 5.56^, μμμ	131.75 ± 5.09^, μμμ
PCOS+Clomiphene citrate	2 mg/kg	77 ± 2.87	121.29 ± 10.17^μ	125.57 ± 11.84^μ	121.14 ± 9.79^μ	118.43 ± 7.60^μ
PCOS+Metformin	500 mg/kg	76.57 ± 3.21	127.29 ± 4.22^μμμ	125.86 ± 3.28^μμ	122.57 ± 3.56^μμ	126.86 ± 5.47^μμ
PCOS+Aqueous extract	30 mg/kg	75.13 ± 3.30	107.75 ± 7.43^μμ	119.75 ± 4.31^μμ	110.63 ± 4.13^μμ	113.63 ± 3.63^μμ
PCOS+Aqueous extract	60 mg/kg	72.38 ± 4.56	111.25 ± 3.36^μμ	115.13 ± 6.89^μμμ	111.63 ± 4.59^μμ	105.38 ± 3.98^μ
PCOS+Aqueous extract	120 mg/kg	77.38 ± 5.53	106.38 ± 6.09^μμ	118.5 ± 5.15^μμ	109.63 ± 4.83^μμ	119.25 ± 3.95^μμ
PCOS+Methanolic extract	30 mg/kg	88.71 ± 4.09	131.14 ± 5.88^μμμ	138.71 ± 4.99^μμμ	134.71 ± 6.14^μμμ	126.71 ± 5.08^μμ
PCOS+Methanolic extract	60 mg/kg	88.43 ± 2.58	143.43 ± 3.30^μμμ	140.43 ± 6.44^μμμ	145.43 ± 24.37^μμμ	136 ± 5.27^, μμ
PCOS+Methanolic extract	120 mg/kg	68.57 ± 2.09	129.57 ± 6.79^μμμ	141.57 ± 3.60^μμμ	144.29 ± 8.95^μμμ	127.57 ± 3.33^μμ
			14 days
PCOS+Distilled water	10 ml/kg	97.86 ± 4.97	126.14 ± 2.26^μμ	124.29 ± 2.85^μμ	127.29 ± 3.09^μμ	136.86 ± 2.38^,μμμ
PCOS+Clomiphene citrate	2 mg/kg	83.83 ± 2.94	112 ± 4.80^μμ	118.83 ± 3.82^μμ	118 ± 7.57^μμ	115.67 ± 2.47^μμ
PCOS+Metformin	500 mg/kg	91.75 ± 5.95	110.13 ± 7.69	114 ± 2.03	124.75 ± 2.33	108.5 ± 8.73^##
PCOS+Aqueous extract	30 mg/kg	84.88 ± 3.28	110.63 ± 2.28^μ	116.88 ± 5.62^μ	122.38 ± 3.61^μ	119.75 ± 3.96^μ
PCOS+Aqueous extract	60 mg/kg	81.43 ± 2.35	112.71 ± 4.89^μ	111 ± 5.01^μ	103.14 ± 4.31^#,μ	96.57 ± 5.06^###
PCOS+Aqueous extract	120 mg/kg	79.42 ± 3.74	121.57 ± 3.08^μ	121.71 ± 3.98^μ	123.14 ± 5.28^μ	120.29 ± 3.87^μ
PCOS+Methanolic extract	30 mg/kg	78.25 ± 4.81	108.5 ± 4.39^μ	116.63 ± 7.29^μ	107.75 ± 5.12^μ	97.75 ± 4.22^###
PCOS+Methanolic extract	60 mg/kg	78.67 ± 5.53	98.33 ± 3.48^#	117 ± 4.67^μ	103.67 ± 5.81^#, μ	102.5 ± 6.41^##, μ
PCOS+Methanolic extract	120 mg/kg	77.25 ± 2.92	126.38 ± 5.52^μμ	132.13 ± 6.19^μμμ	126.63 ± 3.77^μμ	118 ± 3.85^μ

The values are expressed as mean ± SEM; number of rats per group=6. PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome. p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001: significantly different compared with control. ^#p<0.05; ^##p <0.01; ^###p <0.001: significantly different compared with PCOS rats treated with distilled water.
^μp<0.05; ^μμp <0.01; ^μμμp <0.001: significantly different compared with the base line value (T0, before glucose administration).