Panax ginseng Inhibits Metabolism of Diester Alkaloids by Downregulating CYP3A4 Enzyme Activity via the Pregnane X Receptor

Table 1

Effect of P. ginseng on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam at day 7 after administration.

Parameters/unit	Control	Ketoconazole	P. ginseng-L	P. ginseng-M	P. ginseng-H
/mg^.L^-1.h	2.23 ± 0.64	4.19 ± 0.14	2.37 ± 1.05	4.96 ± 0.51	6.23 ± 1.30
/mg^.L^-1.h	2.30 ± 0.59	4.25 ± 0.15	2.42 ± 1.06	5.38 ± 0.44	6.58 ± 1.79
/h	0.30 ± 0.15	0.24 ± 0.06	0.25 ± 0.12	0.38 ± 0.30	0.56 ± 0.52
/mg^.L^−1	0.11 ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.00
/L^.h^-1.kg^−1	4.66 ± 1.43	2.36 ± 0.08	5.07 ± 2.74	1.87 ± 0.16	1.60 ± 0.34
/mg^.L^−1	4.84 ± 1.89	10.48 ± 0.63	5.83 ± 1.53	9.04 ± 3.04	10.49 ± 1.24

Note: compared with the control group, < 0.05; < 0.01.