Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Study on Immunoregulation Mechanisms of Panax ginseng through Macrophages

Figure 4

Variations in the trends of the cell metabolites that are potential biomarkers in both the control group and PG-treated group. The Y-axis represents the fold of each group/control group. The X-axis indicates the control group, PG low-dose group (115 μg/L), PG middle-dose group (230 μg/L), and PG high-dose group (345 μg/L). (a–t) are the variations in the trends of Deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), 2′-Deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), OPC6-CoA, Ceramide (d18:1/20:0), Glucosylceramide (d18:1/16:0), Phosphorylcholine, trans-2-Enoyl-OPC6-CoA, Xanthylic acid (XMP), (S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA, (S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA, Choline, Creatine, Glutathione, Inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP), Leucine, Taurine, 3′-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate (PAPS), PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/15:0), PE(18:0/16:1(9Z)), and PS(18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)). < 0.05, < 0.01, compared with control group.

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