Comparison of Magnetic Auriculotherapy, Laser Auriculotherapy and Their Combination for Treatment of Insomnia in the Elderly: A Double-Blinded Randomised Trial
Table 3
Outcome variables across three groups at different timepoints.
Pairwise comparisons between groups ▾
Group 1 Placebo LAT & MAT (n=50)
Group 2 LAT & placebo MAT (n=46)
Group 3 Combined AT (n=51)
Group 1 vs Group 2
Group 1 vs Group 3
Group 3 vs Group 2
Estimated mean (SE) ※
Estimated mean (SE) ※
Estimated mean (SE) ※
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
PSQI (total) (0-21)
Baseline
12.68 (0.44)
12.90 (0.62)
12.34 (0.34)
Post intervention
9.46 (0.52)
9.91 (0.55)
8.48 (0.51)
0.23 (-1.44, 1.89)
-0.65 (-2.36, 1.06)
0.87 (-0.55, 2.30)
6 weeks follow up
9.07 (0.53)
9.25 (0.65)
9.26 (0.54)
-0.50 (-2.07, 1.97)
0.53 (-1.14, 2.19)
-0.58 (-2.54, 1.38)
3 months follow up
9.12 (0.79)
7.81 (0.68)
9.06 (0.58)
-1.54 (-4.00, 0.93)
0.27 (-1.88, 2.42)
-1.81 (-3.99, 0.37)
6-month follow up
8.20 (0.62)
7.96 (0.67)
8.46 (0.66)
-0.47 (-2.68, 1.75)
0.59 (-1.38, 2.56)
-1.06 (-3.16, 1.05)
Sleep latency (minutes)
Baseline
26.82 (3.33)
29.16 (3.59)
25.17 (2.86)
Post intervention
25.29 (2.97)
25.00 (3.32)
26.17 (3.03)
(-13.29, 8.02)
2.23 (-8.11, 12.57)
-4.86 (-15.33, 5.60)
6 weeks follow up
19.35 (3.22)
26.56 (3.39)
23.68 (3.30)
4.87 (-7.73, 17.47)
5.67 (-5.89, 17.23)
-0.80 (-11.77, 10.18)
3 months follow up
17.99 (3.37)
21.29 (3.56)
23.90 (4.22)
0.96 (-11.49, 13.41)
7.25 (-6.93, 21.43)
-6.29 (-20.65, 8.07)
6-month follow up
19.66 (5.31)
23.42 (5.39)
19.07 (4.34)
1.43 (-15.79, 18.64)
0.76 (-15.34, 16.86)
0.67 (-15.85, 17.18)
Total sleep time (hours)
Baseline
3.93 (0.27)
3.75 (0.28)
3.61 (0.30)
Post intervention
3.93 (2.49)
4.05 (0.30)
3.96 (0.29)
0.31 (-0.67, 1.28)
0.35 (-0.65, 1.36)
-0.05 (-1.17, 1.08)
6 weeks follow up
3.81 (0.27)
3.90 (0.29)
3.85 (0.25)
0.27 (0.68, 1.23)
0.36 (-0.59, 1.31)
-0.09 (-1.16, 0.99)
3 months follow up
3.66 (0.44)
4.26 (0.49)
3.38 (0.24)
0.77 (-0.81, 2.36)
0.034 (-1.32, 1.39)
0.74 (-0.61, 2.09)
6-month follow up
3.92 (0.49)
4.42 (0.61)
3.71 (0.45)
0.68 (-1.03, 2.38)
0.112 (-1.45, 1.68)
0.57 (-1.14, 2.27)
Wake after sleep onset (minutes)
Baseline
92.32 (12.83)
90.51 (14.64)
88.33 (10.31)
Post intervention
69.44 (10.41)
71.60 (9.49)
65.84 (8.86)
3.97 (-22.03, 29.96)
0.38 (-23.41, 24.18)
3.58 (-24.42, 31.59)
6 weeks follow up
51.45 (5.10)
61.40 (8.60)
62.34 (7.07)
11.76 (-24.44, 47.95)
14.88 (-17.49, 47.25)
-3.13 (-39.79, 33.54)
3 months follow up
50.82 (9.13)
74.74 (20.96)
63.90 (12.00)
25.73 (-38.06, 89.51)
17.06 (-30.43, 64.55)
8.67 (-55.72, 73.06)
6-month follow up
48.81 (9.66)
80.87 (26.46)
61.59 (11.04)
33.87 (-38.57, 106.30)
16.77 (-30.71, 64.24)
17.10 (-55.55, 89.75)
Sleep efficiency (%)
Baseline
72.34 (2.23)
74.06 (2.38)
70.70 (2.23)
Post intervention
78.28 (1.90)
76.94 (1.93)
78.86 (1.64 )
-3.06 (-8.52, 2.40)
2.22 (-4.06, 8.50)
-5.28 (-11.61, 1.05)
6 weeks follow up
77.57 (1.80)
76.14 (2.49)
74.57 (2.21)
-3.14 (-9.31, 3.03)
-1.36 (-7.71, 5.00)
-1.78 (-8.75, 5.18)
12-week follow up
81.32 (1.98)
78.02 (3.56)
78.82 (2.34)
-5.03 (-15.44, 5.39)
-0.87 (-10.27, 8.54)
-4.16 (-15.43, 7.10)
6-month follow up
76.02 (4.84)
77.37 (4.64)
80.19 (2.20)
-0.37 (-14.64, 13.90)
5.81 (-6.18, 17.80)
-6.18 (-18.97, 6.62)
SF-12 (PCS)
Baseline
40.87 (1.09)
41.84 (1.37)
41.64 (1.19)
-
Post intervention
44.46 (1.23)
43.12 (1.38)
42.96 (1.22)
2.31 (-6.00, 1.39)
-2.27 (-5.69, 1.14)
-0.035 (-3.62, 3.55)
6-weeks follow up
45.04 (1.34)
42.58 (1.44)
40.33 (1.51)
-3.42 (-7.51, 0.66)
-5.47 (-9.89, -1.06)
2.05 (-2.06, 6.15)
3 months follow up
45.55 (1.34)
46.21 (1.42)
41.30 (1.66)
-0.31 (-4.69, 4.07)
-5.02 (-9.53, -0.52)
4.72 (0.13, 9.30)
6-month follow up
46.26 (1.36)
45.96 (1.41)
41.99 (2.29)
-1.26 (-5.63, 3.11)
-5.03 (-10.55, 0.48)
3.77 (-2.06, 9.60)
SF-12 (MCS)
Baseline
47.99 (1.63)
45.77 (1.95)
46.05 (1.63)
Post intervention
51.84 (1.64)
47.35 (1.78)
50.58 (.1.37)
-2.26 (-7.10, 2.57)
0.675 (-4.02, 5.37)
-2.94 (-7.42, 1.54)
6 weeks follow up
50.97 (1.61)
50.89 (1.84)
53.15 (1.65)
2.14 (-2.62, 6.90)
4.12 (-0.95, 9.18)
-1.98 (-6.73, 2.77)
3 months follow up
48.05 (2.31)
51.31 (2.27)
50.55 (1.76)
5.48 (-1.52, 12.47)
4.44 (-1.80, 10.67)
1.04 (-5.38, 7.47)
6-month follow up
51.64 (2.00)
52.24 (2.05)
51.05 (2.20)
2.82 (-3.83, 9.47)
1.35 (-5.24, 7.94)
1.47 (-5.41, 8.36)
PHQ-9 (0-27)
Baseline
9.52 (0.74)
9.48 (0.96)
9.40 (0.86)
Post intervention
6.30 (0.71)
6.77 (0.95)
6.46 (0.79)
0.504 (-1.52, 2.52)
0.28 (-1.78, 2.35)
0.22 (-1.72, 2.17)
6 weeks follow up
6.87 (1.00)
6.49 (1.11)
5.00 (0.71)
-0.35 (-2.73, 2.04)
-1.75 (-4.29, 0.78)
1.41 (-0.64, 3.45)
3 months follow up
6.58 (1.20)
5.68 (1.29)
6.55 (1.19)
--0.87 (-3.93, 2.21)
0.09 (-3.08, 3.26)
-0.96 (-4.05, 2.14)
6-month follow up
4.77 (0.97)
5.82 (1.30)
5.68 (1.05)
1.10 (-1.88, 4.01)
1.04 (-1.87, 3.95)
0.06 (-3.07, 3.18)
※Estimated mean and standard error (SE) from generalized estimating equations. PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index. SF-12 (PCS): physical component score. SF-12 (MCS): mental component score. PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire, for depression. ▾Adjusted for age. Statistically significant at P< 0.05.
