In Vitro Antifungal and Antivirulence Activities of Biologically Synthesized Ethanolic Extract of Propolis-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles against Candida albicans

Figure 7

EEP-NP 2 inhibited C. albicans invasion. The yeast cells were treated with (a) polymer-NP 2, (b) 0.625, (c) 1.25, and (d) 2.5 mg/ml of EEP-NP 2 and cocultured with Vero cells and imaged by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a magnification of 5,000×. White arrows represent the location of yeast penetration into Vero cells. VC: Vero cells; YC: yeast cells; HP: hyphae. Scale bar represents 5 μm. (e) Cell damage assay was quantified by LDH release from Vero cells. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. as determined by one-way analysis of variance.

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