Phytochemical Evaluation, Embryotoxicity, and Teratogenic Effects of Curcuma longa Extract on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Table 1

Morphological characteristics evaluated as measures for the teratogenic potency of C. longa at different time point.

Life Stage	Embryotoxicity	Developmental endpoints evaluated	Time point for observation of normal development.
			(normal = Score 0, abnormal = Score 1
			24hr	48hr	72hr	96hr	120hr
Zebrafish Egg	Egg Coagulation		√	√	√	√	√
		Somites	√	√	√	√	√
		Tail detachment	√	√	√	√	√
		Otolith	X	√	√	√	√
		Eyes	X	√	√	√	√
		Heartbeat	X	√	√	√	√
		Blood Circulation	X	√	√	√	√
Hatching
(Zebrafish larvae)	Larvae alive				√	√	√
		Hatch rate	X	√	√	√	√
		Skeletal deformities	X	√	√	√	√
		Motility	X	√	√	√	√

√, observation of normal development
X, no observation/no development
(i) Embryotoxic effect/time point: % of embryos with score 1 for motility at each time of observation
(ii) Teratogenic effect/time point: % of larvae with score 1 for any of the developmental endpoints at each time point of observation