Biological Properties and Bioactive Components of Mentha spicata L. Essential Oil: Focus on Potential Benefits in the Treatment of Obesity, Alzheimer’s Disease, Dermatophytosis, and Drug-Resistant Infections

Table 1

Constituents (%) of the EOs from cultivated M. spicata sampled over a three-year period.

RT	RI	Compound	Winter	Spring	Summer	Fall
5.418	939	α-Pinene	0.54 ± 0.05	0.35 ± 0.07	0.25 ± 0.03	0.32 ± 0.01
5.816	946	Camphene	0.16 ± 0	0.14 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0
6.393	969	Sabinene	5.51 ± 1.79	0.69 ± 0.25	0.14 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0
6.518	974	β-Pinene	0.73 ± 0.06	0.59 ± 0.1	0.35 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0
6.846	988	Myrcene	0.51 ± 0.06	0.36 ± 0.07	0.17 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0
7.048	988	3-Octanol	0.46 ± 0.02	0.47 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.06	0.44 ± 0.03
7.809	1020	para-Cymene	0.27 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02
7.927	1029	Limonene	9.79 ± 0.55	6.23 ± 0.1	7.08 ± 0.65	8.19 ± 1.13
7.99	1031	1,8-Cineole	1.72 ± 0.35	2.92 ± 0.18	3.52 ± 0.01	2.3 ± 0.14
8.8	1060	γ-Terpinene	0.25 ± 0.02	0.42 ± 0.09	0.05 ± 0	0.03 ± 0
9.086	1070	cis-Sabinene hydrate	1.11 ± 0.2	1.34 ± 0.37	0.69 ± 0.23	0.28 ± 0
12.072	1165	Borneol	0.56 ± 0.02	1.16 ± 0.03	0.66 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.05
12.341	1174	Terpinen-4-ol	1 ± 0.2	1.13 ± 0.31	0.47 ± 0.07	0.18 ± 0.01
12.53	1186	α-Terpineol	0.12 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0	0.31 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0
12.83	1191	cis-Dihydrocarvone	4.59 ± 0.39	1.84 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.18	1.79 ± 0.56
12.959	1192	Dihydrocarveol	13.76 ± 0.11	4.82 ± 0.2	2.27 ± 0.35	2.49 ± 1.4
13.511	1215	trans-Carveol	1.23 ± 0.33	1.13 ± 0.09	0.52 ± 0.02	1.28 ± 0.07
13.904	1226	cis-Carveol	3.57 ± 0.02	1.71 ± 0.02	0.73 ± 0.09	1.07 ± 0.07
14.12	1233	Pulegone	2.3 ± 0.16	1.32 ± 0.08	0.63 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.05
14.239	1239	Carvone	36.9 ± 2.67	59.09 ± 0.74	76.82 ± 0.87	75.18 ± 2.54
15.32	1287	Bornyl acetate	0.99 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.03	0.1 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.1
16.464	1329	iso-Dihydrocarveol acetate	7.67 ± 0.76	0.83 ± 0	0.12 ± 0.02	0.36 ± 0.07
16.692	1339	trans-Carvyl acetate	0.87 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.12	0.06 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.14
18.123	1387	β-Bourbonene	0.64 ± 0.12	1.78 ± 0.08	0.79 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.03
18.278	1389	β-Elemene	0.96 ± 0.06	1.48 ± 0.11	0.38 ± 0.04	0.3 ± 0
19.079	1417	ε-Caryophyllene	2.27 ± 0.16	3.87 ± 0.06	1.38 ± 0.15	0.81 ± 0.07
20.2	1430	β-Copaene	0.51 ± 0.18	0.77 ± 0.06	0.04 ± 0	0.23 ± 0.02
20.7	1484	Germacrene D	0.43 ± 0.17	1.57 ± 0.05	0.14 ± 0	0.15 ± 0
21.1	1500	Bicyclogermacrene	0.15 ± 0.09	1.03 ± 0.04	0.06 ± 0	0.09 ± 0.02
21.7	1529	trans-Calamenene	0.27 ± 0.13	0.39 ± 0.07	0.01 ± 0	0.11 ± 0.02
23.2	1582	Caryophyllene oxide	0.18 ± 0.03	1.45 ± 0.48	0.84 ± 0.09	0.73 ± 0.16
Essential oil yield (%)			0.87 ± 0.02	1.94 ± 0.04	2.79 ± 0.08	2.54 ± 0.09
Chemical group
Monoterpene hydrocarbons			8.2 ± 2.69	2.9 ± 0.73	1.7 ± 0.18	1.8 ± 0.01
Oxygenated monoterpenes			86.4 ± 4.02	84.8 ± 0.01	94.7 ± 0.53	95.3 ± 0.4
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons			5.2 ± 1.29	10.9 ± 0.04	2.8 ± 0.23	2.2 ± 0.17
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes			0.2 ± 0.05	1.4 ± 0.68	0.8 ± 0.12	0.7 ± 0.22

RT: retention time; RI: retention index.