The Potential Role of Probiotics in Controlling Overweight/Obesity and Associated Metabolic Parameters in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

Studies	Country	No. of participants (P/C)	Trial Number	ITT	Study design	Form of probiotics	Probiotics strains	Daily dose; (CFU)	Duration; (Weeks)
Szulińska 2018[31]	Poland	47 (24/23)	NCT03100162	No	DB, PC	Sachet	Multi (Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactobacillus casei W56, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, Lactococcus lactis W19, and Lactococcus lactis W58)	1×10^10	12
Kim 2018[13]	Korea	60 (30/30)	KCT0000756	Yes	DB, PC	Capsule	Single (Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17)	1×10^10	12
Gomes 2017[14]	Brazil	43 (22/21)	U1111-1137-4566	No	DB, PC	Sachet	Multi (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA - 14, Lactobacillus casei LC - 11, Lactococcus lactis LL - 23, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB - 06, and Bifidobacterium lactis BL - 4)	2×10^10	8
Kim 2017[15]	Korea	66 (34/32)	NCT02492698	No	DB, PC	Powder	Multi (Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032)	5×10^9	12
Stenman 2016[20]	Finland	104 (56/48)	NCT01978691	ITT	DB, PC	Sachet	Single (Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420)	1×10^10	26
Higashikawa 2016[32]	Japan	41 (20/21)	/	ITT	DB, PC	Powder	Single (Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28)	1×10^11	12
Chung 2016[16]	Korea	37 (19/18)	KCT0000452	No	DB, PC	Capsule	Single (Lactobacillus JBD301)	1×10^9	12
Fathi 2016[21]	Iran	50 (25/25)	IRCT2013061313661N1	ITT	DB, PC	Kefir	/	/	8
Madjd 2016[22]	Iran	89 (45/44)	IRCT201402177754N8	ITT	SB, PC	Yogurt	Multi (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB12)	1×10^7	12
Jung 2015[17]	Korea	95 (46/49)	/	No	DB, PC	Powder	Multi (Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032)	1×10^10	12
Zarrati 2014[18]	Iran	50 (25/25)	/	ITT	DB, PC	Yogurt	Multi (Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium BB12, and Lactobacillus casei DN001)	6×10^9	8
Kadooka 2013[19]	Japan	139 (70/69)	/	ITT	DB, PC	Fermented milk	Single (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055)	2×10^11	12

P/C, probiotic group/control group; ITT/PP, Intention-To-Treat/Per-Protocol; DB, double blinded; PC, placebo controlled; SB, single blinded; CFU, colony-forming units; 6 months.