Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy with Risk of Total Hip Replacement in Patients with Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Table 1
Characteristics of NONFH patients according to use of TCM.
Variables
TCM
p-value
No (n=595)
Yes (n=595)
n
%
n
%
Sex
0.8437
Female
159
26.72
156
26.22
Male
436
73.28
439
73.78
Age group
0.8857
18–29
34
5.71
38
6.39
30–59
390
65.55
386
64.87
≥60
171
28.74
171
28.74
Mean ± SD
51.71 (15.13)
51.61 (14.58)
0.9124
Socioeconomic status
0.5815
Fixed premium and dependent
359
60.34
348
58.49
Insured salary grading above fixed premium
236
39.66
247
41.51
Comorbidity
Alcohol-related disease
387
65.04
384
64.54
0.8555
Autoimmune disease
16
2.69
32
5.38
0.0184
Diabetes
107
17.98
118
19.83
0.4154
Hyperlipidemia
148
24.87
153
25.71
0.7388
Pregnancy
14
2.35
24
4.03
0.0992
Renal failure or dialysis
47
7.9
42
7.06
0.5816
Pancreatitis
19
3.19
13
2.18
0.2823
Hematologic disease
9
1.51
5
0.84
0.2822
Drug used
Bisphosphonate
24
4.03
19
3.19
0.4374
Anticoagulants
103
17.31
112
18.82
0.4977
Iloprost
0
0
0
0
-
Statins
156
26.22
165
27.73
0.5566
Oral Steroid + IV Steroid
538
90.42
540
90.76
0.8426
Treatment
Cord decompression
38
6.39
48
8.07
0.2629
Bone graft (BG)
16
2.69
28
4.71
0.0653
Osteotomy
1
0.17
1
0.17
1.0000
Duration between diagnosis date and index date (days) (mean, median)
678 (355)
699 (383)
0.6528
Abbreviations. NONFH: nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.Chi-squared test; t-test; Fisher’s exact test. The mean (median) of the follow-up period was 5.00 (4.38) years and 3.57 (3.35) years for the TCM user cohort and non-TCM user cohort, respectively.
