Phytomedicines Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana: A Systematic Search and Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Table 4

Reported in vivo studies of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Ghana.

Scientific Name	Part used	Method	Observation	Reference
Abelmoschus esculentus	Peel and Seed	Streptozotocin induced	exert blood glucose normalization and lipid profiles lowering activity	[28]
Adenia lobata	Stem	Streptozotocin induced	provide protective mechanism against reactive oxygen species associated with chronic hyperglyceamia and diabetic complications	[15]
Ageratum conyzoides	Leaves	Glucose induced	exert extra pancreatic action by stimulating insulin secretion	[53]
Ageratum conyzoides	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	possess blood glucose lowering effect	[54]
Allium cepa	Bulb	Alloxan-induced	Stimulates insulin release and action to enhance glucose cellular uptake and utilization	[55]
Allium cepa	Bulb	Streptozotocin induced	Ameliorate possible complications associated with diabetes mellitus.	[56]
Allium sativum	Bulb	Streptozotocin-induced	Restores delayed insulin response by reacting with endogenous thiol containing molecules	[57]
Aloe barbadensis	Leaves	Alloxan induced	useful and safe agent in reducing hyperglycemia induced by alloxan	[58]
Alstonia boonei	Leaves	Alloxan induced	exert significant antidiabetic activity	[59]
Alstonia boonei	Stem bark	Streptozotocin-induced	inhibit the activity of glucogenic enzymes	[60]
Amaranthus viridis	Leaves	Streptozotocin-induced	inhibit the activity of glucogenic enzymes and restore β-cell function	[61]
Amaranthus viridis	Stem	Streptozotocin-induced	protective potential against glucogenic enzymes	[62]
Amaranthus viridis	Whole plant	Streptozotocin-induced	increased uptake of glucose for glycogen synthesis	[63]
Bauhinia rufescens	Leaves	Alloxan induced	exert significant antidiabetic activity	[64]
Bridelia ferruginea	Leaves	Sucrose-induced	Improves insulin sensitivity	[65]
Cassia auriculata	Flower	Streptozotocin induced	extract enhances the utilization of glucose through increased glycolysis	[66]
Cassia auriculata	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	exert insulinogenic action	[67]
Cassia auriculata	Whole plant	Streptozotocin induced	exert significant antidiabetic activity	[31]
Cassia auriculata	Flower	Alloxan induced	ethanolic extract possesses hypoglycemic activity	[68]
Cassia occidentalis	Whole plant	Alloxan induced	exert significant antidiabetic activity	[69]
Carica papaya	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	Restores pancreatic islet cell function	[70]
Catharanthus roseus	Leaves, Stem Root, flower	Alloxan induced	aqueous stem extract depicted best hypoglyceamic activity	[71]
Catharanthus roseus	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	increase insulin sensitivity	[72]
Catharanthus roseus	Leaves	Alloxan	restores pancreatic β-cell function	[73]
Clausena anisata	Root	Streptozotocin induced	secondary metabolites responsible for the hypoglycemic effect	[74]
Costus afer Ker-Gawl	Stem, leaf	Alloxan induced	hypoglycemic, protective potential and regenerative effect on pancreas	[75, 76]
Ehretia Cymosa	Whole plant	Streptozotocin induced	hypoglycemic effects	[24]
Glyphaea brevis	Leaves	Oral starch tolerance	α-amylase inhibitory properties coupled to control of body weight	[77]
Gongronema latifolium	Leaves	Alloxan	induce pancreatic cell regeneration	[78]
Gongronema latifolium	Leaves	Alloxan	ameliorate oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus	[79]
Guiera senegalensis	Leaves	Glucose induced	stimulate insulin production and glucose utilization	[80]
Hoslundia opposita	Leaves	Alloxan	ameliorative effect on Type 2 diabetic patients and associated complication	[81]
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	exerts additive hypoglycemic effect with antioxidant	[82]
Indigofera arrecta	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	insulinotropic effect	[83]
Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb.	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	restore glucose levels to near normal level	[39]
Mangifera indica	Leaves	Alloxan induced	Insulin like effect by Inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis or glucose absorption in muscles or adipose tissues	[84]
Mangifera indica	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	α-amylase and α- glucosidase inhibitory activity	[85]
Mimosa pudica L	Leaves	Alloxan induced	exerts hypoglycemic effect	[86]
Mimosa pudica L	whole plant	Streptozotocin induced	stimulates insulin secretion by the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells	[87]
Mollugo nudicaulis	whole plant	Alloxan induced	increase release of insulin from Pancreatic β -cells	[88]
Morinda Lucida	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	glucose lowering property	[89]
Momordica charantia	Fruit	Streptozotocin induced	stimulates insulin secretion by the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells	[90, 91]
Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv	Stem bark	Streptozotocin induced	exerts hypoglycemic effect	[92]
Ocimum canum Sim	Leaves	C57BL/KsJ db/db	enhanced insulin release genetically modified from pancreatic β –cells diabetic animal	[47]
Ocimum gratissimum	Leaves	Streptozotocin induced	exerts hypoglycemic effect	[25]
Pergularia daemia	Leaves	Alloxan induced	restores pancreatic β –cells function	[93]
Phyllanthus amarus	Whole plant	Alloxan	exerts hypoglycemic effect	[94]
Phyllanthus fraternus	Whole plant	Alloxan induced	possess antidiabetic and antioxidant activity	[95]
Scoparia dulcis	Ariel part	Streptozotocin-induced	possess antidiabetic and antioxidant activity	[48]
Securinega virosa	Leaves	Streptozotocin-induced	hypoglycemic activity	[96]
Trema orientalis	Stem bark	Streptozotocin induced	Sensitize insulin receptors or stimulate β cells of the Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas	[97]
Zingiber officinale	Bulb	Streptozotocin and alloxan induced diabetes mellitus	exhibits hypoglycemic activity in both normal and diabetic rats	[98, 99]