Phytomedicines Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana: A Systematic Search and Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Table 5

Clinical studies on medicinal plants used in Ghana for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Scientific name	Part/form	Disease type	Observation	Reference
Allium cepa	Aqueous extract	Type 2	regulates blood glucose and lipids levels to normal	[100]
Allium sativum	Bulb (Garlic tablet)	Type 2	Inhibits insulin inactivation by thiol groups as well as advance glycation end products	[101]
Allium sativum	Capsule	Type 2	significant effect on improvement of glycemic status with lowering fasting blood glucose level and postprandial blood glucose level	[102]
Allium sativum	Aqueous extract	Type 2	regulates blood glucose and lipids levels to normal	[100]
Aloe barbadensis	Pulp	Types 1&2	Aloe vera treatment with glibenclamide depicted significant decrease in glucose level	[103]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Bark	Type 1	Improves insulin potentiating activity	[104]
Guiera senegalensis	Aqueous extract	Type 2	regulates blood glucose and lipids levels to normal	[100]
Indigofera arrecta	Aqueous leaves extract	Types 1&2	significant change in fasting blood glucose level	[105]
Momordica charantia	Vegetable (V-insulin)	Idiopathic Type	hypoglyceamic effect in only diabetic patients	[106, 107]
Zingiber officinale	Root	Type 2	Increase insulin receptors and enhance β- cell function to decrease insulin resistance	[98]
Zingiber officinale	Ginger powder	Type 2	Promotes glucose clearance in insulin responsive peripheral tissues	[108]