The Effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on Heart Function in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Results of the subgroup analysis.

	Factor	Subgroup	No.	I^2 (%)	tau^2	OR	[95% CI]	value	Between-group value
Efficacy	Total	—	13	0	0	2.61	[1.84; 3.72]	<0.0001	—
	Age	<60	3	0	0	3.23	[1.74; 5.99]	0.0002	0.45
		≥60	10	0	0	2.36	[1.53; 3.63]	<0.0001
	NYHA	<III	3	0	0	2.36	[1.27; 4.40]	0.0068	0.62
		>III	1	—	—	1.85	[0.71; 4.79]	0.2
		II∼IV	6	0	0	3.1	[1.76; 5.48]	<0.0001
LVEF	Total	—	18	93	20.11	6.34	[4.11; 8.57]	<0.0001	—
	Disease	AHF	2	0	0	11.17	[9.95; 12.39]	<0.0001	<0.0001
		CHF	16	91	16.45	5.83	[3.67; 7.98]	<0.0001
	NYHA	<III	2	0	0	−0.88	[−2.05; 0.30]	0.143	<0.0001
		＞III	2	84	36.58	5.11	[−4.01; 14.23]	0.272
		II∼IV	9	37	1.22	6.55	[5.63; 7.48]	<0.0001
	Intervention	Acupuncture	14	96	22	7.03	[4.46; 9.60]	<0.0001	0.76
		Moxibustion	4	76	10.24	5.78	[2.18; 9.38]	0.0016
	Age	<60	5	98	37.29	6.35	[0.92; 11.79]	0.021	0.97
		≥60	13	69	5.31	6.45	[4.86; 8.05]	<0.0001
HR	Total	—	9	24	0.61	−2.63	[−3.41; −1.86]	<0.0001	—
	Disease	AHF	2	0	0	−0.81	[−8.42; 6.80]	0.83	0.54
		CHF	7	40	0.98	−3.23	[−4.51; −1.93]	<0.0001
	NYHA	<III	1	—	—	2	[−10.43; 14.43]	0.75	0.7
		＞III	2	0	0	−2.93	[−10.42; 4.55]	0.44
		II∼IV	6	50	1.23	−3.3	[−4.68; −1.92]	<0.0001
	Intervention	Acupuncture	6	8	0.14	−2.37	[−3.19; −1.54]	<0.0001	0.064
		Moxibustion	3	0	0	−4.62	[−6.87; −2.38]	<0.0001
	Age	<60	2	0	0	−2.14	[−3.35; −0.93]	0.0005	0.11
		≥60	7	0	0	−3.87	[−5.61; −2.12]	<0.0001
LVEDD	Total	—	3	90	11.31	−4.29	[−8.31; −0.27]	0.036	—
	Age	<60	1	—	—	−3.63	[−5.57; −1.69]	0.0003	0.036
		≥60	2	34	24.96	−4.57	[−11.69; 2.55]	0.2
LVESV	Total	—	2	66	683.96	−2.39	[−46.81; 42.04]	0.91	—
	Disease	AHF	1	—	—	21.9	[−18.25; 62.05]	0.29	0.91
		CHF	1	—	—	−23.54	[−56.17; 9.09]	0.16
	NYHA	＞III	1	—	—	21.9	[−18.25; 62.05]	0.29	0.91
		II∼IV	1	—	—	−23.54	[−56.17; 9.09]	0.16
CO	Total	—	8	94	0.25	1.02	[0.65; 1.39]	<0.0001	—
	Disease	AHF	2	96	0.37	1.63	[0.76; 2.49]	<0.0001	0.073
		CHF	6	85	0.12	0.78	[0.46; 1.11]	<0.0001
	NYHA	<III	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.62
		＞III	1	—	—	0.98	[0.42; 1.54]	0.0007
		II∼IV	4	97	0.48	0.94	[0.24; 1.63]	0.0082
	Intervention	Acupuncture	5	86	0.12	1.34	[0.98; 1.70]	<0.0001	0.0013
		Moxibustion	3	81	0.06	0.56	[0.24; 0.88]	0.0006
	Age	<60	2	0	0	1.19	[1.08; 1.30]	<0.0001	0.47
		≥60	6	95	0.36	1	[0.50; 1.51]	0.0001
CI	Total	—	5	88	0.12	0.51	[0.18; 0.84]	0.0026	—
	Disease	AHF	2	94	0.21	0.73	[0.08; 1.39]	0.0287	0.2411
		CHF	3	54	0.02	0.32	[0.08; 0.55]	0.0087
	NYHA	<III	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.0648
		＞III	2	0	0	0.45	[0.25; 0.65]	<0.0001
		II∼IV	2	94	0.24	0.71	[0.01; 1.41]	0.0488
	Age	<60	1	—	—	0.62	[0.18; 1.06]	0.0055	0.6532
		≥60	4	91	0.14	0.49	[0.11; 0.87]	0.0126
SI	Total	—	2	0	0	5.1	[2.65; 7.55]	<0.0001	—
	Disease	AHF	1	—	—	4.7	[1.53; 7.87]	0.0036	0.69
		CHF	1	—	—	5.7	[1.83; 9.57]	0.0039
	NYHA	<III	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.69
		＞III	1	—	—	4.7	[1.53; 7.87]	0.0036
		II∼IV	1	—	—	5.7	[1.83; 9.57]	0.0039
SV	Total	—	4	37	1.64	12.41	[10.91; 13.92]	<0.0001	—
	Disease	AHF	1	—	—	13.86	[11.59; 16.13]	<0.0001	0.096
		CHF	3	1	0.04	11.31	[9.28; 13.33]	<0.0001
	NYHA	<III	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.093
		＞III	1	—	—	11.93	[6.52; 17.34]	<0.0001
		II∼IV	2	0	0	13.96	[11.89; 16.03]	<0.0001
	Age	<60	1	—	—	11.93	[6.52; 17.34]	<0.0001	0.824
		≥60	3	58	3.01	12.61	[9.98; 15.23]	<0.0001
NT-proBNP	Total	—	5	0	0	−553.05	[−649.14; −456.97]	<0.0001	—
	Disease	AHF	1	—	—	−791.02	[−1456.95; −125.09]	0.0199	0.4791
		CHF	4	0	0	−548	[−645.10; −450.90]	<0.0001
	NYHA	<III	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.8491
		＞III	2	0	0	−561.32	[−873.91; −248.72]	0.0004
		II∼IV	1	—	—	−562.42	[−669.36; −455.48]	<0.0001
	Intervention	Acupuncture	3	0	0	−534.32	[−822.34; −246.30]	0.0003	0.8924
		Moxibustion	2	0	0	−555.4	[−657.33; −453.48]	<0.0001
BNP	Total	—	7	96	18700	−227.99	[−337.30; −118.68]	<0.0001	—
	NYHA	<III	2	0	0	−163.21	[−186.85; −139.58]	<0.0001	0.0392
		＞III	1	—	—	−335.77	[−470.09; −201.45]	<0.0001
		II∼IV	3	99	63828.54	−267.88	[−556.04; 20.28]	<0.0001
	Intervention	Acupuncture	5	98	18881.11	−209.08	[−334.48; −83.69]	<0.0001	0.2607
		Moxibustion	2	0	0	−306.45	[−420.71; −192.18]	<0.0001
	Age	<60	2	99	149218.3	−359.1	[−896.18; 177.98]	0.19	0.4757
		≥60	5	69	3756.15	−161.94	[−233.60; −90.27]	<0.0001
CRP	Total	—	3	84	0.84	−1.61	[−2.78; −0.45]	0.0068	—
	NYHA	<III	1	—	—	−2.4	[−3.01; −1.80]	<0.0001	0.002
		＞III	—	—	—	—	—	—
		II∼IV	1	—	—	−1.61	[−3.10; −0.12]	0.0113
	Age	<60	1	—	—	−0.82	[−1.45; −0.19]	0.0113	0.0007
		≥60	2	0	0	−2.29	[−2.85; −1.72]	<0.0001
MAP	Total	—	4	0	0	−1.57	[−6.02; 2.88]	0.4896	—
	Disease	AHF	3	0	0	−1.54	[−6.50; 3.42]	0.5432	0.9776
		CHF	1	—	—	−1.7	[−11.81; 8.41]	0.7418
	NYHA	<III	2	0	0	−2.03	[−8.27; 4.21]	0.5243	0.8376
		≥III	2	0	0	−1.1	[−7.45; 5.26]	0.7357
		II∼IV	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Age	<60	2	0	0	−2.03	[−8.27; 4.21]	0.5243	0.8376
		≥60	2	0	0	−1.1	[−7.45; 5.26]	0.7357
6MWT	Total	—	7	0	0	43.6	[37.43; 49.77]	<0.0001	—
	NYHA	<III	3	0	0	34.83	[14.07; 55.60]	0.001	0.2901
		＞III	1	—	—	35.63	[23.26; 48.00]	<0.0001
		II∼IV	2	0	0	48.1	[40.43; 55.77]	<0.0001
	Intervention	Acupuncture	3	0	0	52.52	[37.94; 67.11]	<0.0001	0.1857
		Moxibustion	4	0	0	41.65	[34.84; 48.47]	<0.0001
	Age	<60	1	—	—	41.78	[14.86; 68.70]	0.0023	0.8997
		≥60	6	6	4.87	43.7	[37.36; 50.04]	<0.0001

Values could not be calculated due to an insufficient number of studies; was considered statistically significant; value: value between the study group and control group; between-group value: value between the subgroups.