Research Article

The Influence of Carrier Oils on the Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Essential Oils

Table 1

Essential oil main compounds.

Essential oilGC-MS FID

Cananga odorata Hook.f. & Thomson (ylang ylang)Benzyl acetate (30.5%)
Linalyl acetate (27.7%)
Methyl benzoate (10.3%)
Methylanisole (10.9%)
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (cinnamon leaf)Eugenol (78.4%)
Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot)Limonene (39.1%)
Linalyl acetate (9.3%)
Linalyl formate (33.0%)
Citrus reticulata Blanco (mandarin)Limonene (93.8%)
Commiphora myrrha Engl. (myrrh)Furanoeusdema-1,3-diene (52.9%)
Lindestrene (15.8%)
Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (lemongrass)Limonene (11.7%)
Neral (28.9%)
Geranial (42.7%)
Cymbopogon martinii Stapf (palmarosa)Geraniol (80.7%)
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (eucalyptus)1,8-Cineole (63.6%)
α-Terpineol (10.5%)
Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don (immortelle)β-Pinene (7.6%)
1,8-Cineole (19.4%)
β-Caryophyllene (12.4%)
α-Humulene (15.0%)
Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. (kanuka)α-Pinene (52.9%)
p-Cymene (11.9%)
Laurus nobilis L. (bay)Eugenol (54.4%)
Myrcene (18.5%)
Chavicol (11.5%)
Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender)Linalyl acetate (35.6%)
Linalool (32.8%)
β-Caryophyllene (10.2%)
Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. and G.Forst (manuka)Neral (23.0%)
Geranial (35.0%)
Citronellol (15.4%)
Litsea cubeba Pers. (may chang)Geranial (44.6%)
Neral (28.8%)
Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree)γ-Terpinene (16.6%)
p-Cymene (9.6%)
Terpinen-4-ol (44.6%)
Melaleuca viridiflora Gaertn. (niaouli)Linalyl acetate (49.8%)
Linalool (30.1%)
Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm)Citronellal (35.6%)
Neral (7.1%)
Terpinyl acetate (14.2%)
α-Terpineol (7.3%)
Geranial (8.4%)
cis-Geraniol (7.2%)
Pogostemon patchouli Benth. (patchouli)β-Patchoulene (38.3%)
α-Bulnesene (13.0%)
α-Guaiene (11.9%)
Santalum album L. (sandalwood)α-Santalol (32.1%)
cis-α-Santalol (11.3%)
4,5,9,10-Dehydroisolongifolene (12.3%)
Styrax benzoin Dryand. (benzoin)Benzyl acetate (7.2%)
Ethyl cinnamate (5.7%)
Dimethyl phthalate (72.2%)
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry (clove)Eugenol (81.9%)
Isoeugenol (13.1%)
Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme)Thymol (18.9%)
γ-Terpinene (7.2%)
p-Cymene (41.0%)
Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf (vetiver)β-Vetirenene (8.8%)
Zizanol (12.8%)

Previously reported in Orchard, Sandasi, Kamatou, Viljoen, and van Vuuren [1]