The Combination of Mulberry Extracts and Silk Amino Acids Alleviated High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis by Improving Hepatic Insulin Signaling and Normalizing Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Rats
Figure 1
The effects of mulberry water extracts and silk amino acids on HepG2 cells administered 0.5 mM palmitate. (a) Cell viability determined by MTT assays. (b) Triglyceride and lipid peroxide contents. (c) Fold changes of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) mRNA expression on the basis of disease-control. (d) Activity of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Each bar and error bar represents the mean ± SD (n=5). HepG2 cells were treated with 0 (vehicle), 10, or 50 μg/mL mulberry extracts (MB), silk amino acids (SA) or their mixtures (MS1:2, MS1:3, and MS1:5). After 1 h of treatment, 0.5 mM emulsified palmitate with fatty acid free albumin was added to the cells and they were incubated for an additional 24 h. The assays were conducted. Bars with different letters were significantly different among the groups by Tukey test at P<0.05.