The Combination of Mulberry Extracts and Silk Amino Acids Alleviated High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis by Improving Hepatic Insulin Signaling and Normalizing Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Rats
Figure 5
Changes of serum glucose levels during insulin tolerance test and hepatic insulin signaling. (a) Changes of serum glucose concentrations after 1 U insulin/kg body weight (BW) into subcutaneous injection after 6h food deprivation. (b) Area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose levels calculated in the first (0-30 min) and second phases (30-90 min). (c) Hepatic insulin signaling pathway injecting 0.75 U insulin /kg bw in 16h fasting animal at the end of experiment. Each bar or dot and error bar represents the mean ± SD (n=10). Rats consumed high fat diets containing 0.2% (low dosage, -L) and 0.6% (high dosage, -H) of the mixture of mulberry extracts and silk amino acid (MS) and 0.6% cellulose (disease-control) for 12 weeks. MS1:3 and MS1:5 mixture contained 1:3 and 1:5 of mulberry extracts and silk amino acid, respectively. Significantly different among the groups at P<0.05. Bars with different letters were significantly different among the groups by Tukey test at P<0.05.