Galphimia glauca and Natural Galphimines Block Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms Induced with Apomorphine and MK-801 in Mice

Figure 4

Effects of the administration of the methanolic extract of Galphimia glauca (GgMeOH, 25 mg/kg), the Galphimine-Rich Fraction (GRF), and the different galphimines (G-A, G-B, and G-E) on mice with schizophrenic-like symptoms induced by MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) in Entry Delay Time (a) and retention latency time (b) in the passive avoidance test (PAT). NMDA (1 mg/kg), OLZ = Olanzapine (1 mg/kg), and Vehicle (VEH) = negative control group. ANOVA, Dunnett post-hoc test. indicates a significant difference from MK-801 group at a significance threshold of p<0.05 (n = 10, results are means ± Standard Error (SEM). Retention latency = (FD = 9, F (14888.38) 2.10, p = 0.0001), Entry Delay = (FD = 6, F (41.24) 2.10, p = 0.0001).

(a)

(b)