Galphimia glauca and Natural Galphimines Block Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms Induced with Apomorphine and MK-801 in Mice

Table 1

Effect of the administration of the methanolic extract of Galphimia glauca (GgMeOH), the Galphimine-Rich Fraction (GRF), and the different galphimines (G-A, G-B, and G-E) on the acute symptoms of Apomorphine (APO)-induced schizophrenia in mice during the Open Field Test (OFT) (observation time: 30 min).

Treatments; (mg/kg)	Total Crossings	Rearing	Stereotyped Behaviors	Grooming	Time Spent on Grooming; (sec)
VEH	446 ± 13.6	247 ± 9.9	0 ± 0.0	22 ± 0.3	241 ± 3.8
APO 2	380 ± 16.9	48 ± 7.5	7 ± 0.2	3 ± 0.2	362 ± 7.0
HAL 1	109 ± 11.2	4 ± 0.4	0 ± 0.0	3 ± 0.3	27 ± 1.5
GgMeOH 25	222 ± 11.3	41 ± 5.0	2 ± 0.2	8 ± 0.6	69 ± 7.9
GRF 5	284 ± 12.4	47 ± 6.3	2 ± 0.2	4 ± 0.2	30 ± 3.1
G-A 5	304 ± 9.1	48 ± 6.2	2 ± 0.0	4 ± 0.5	36 ± 3.8
G-B 5	236 ± 12.5	54 ± 6.6	1 ± 0.2	1 ± 0.0	11 ± 1.2
G-E 5	200 ± 16.5	66 ± 3.6	2 ± 0.4	2 ± 0.0	12 ± 1.4

Total crossings, rearings, stereotyped behaviors and grooming (number of events), time spent on grooming (seconds). Apomorphine (APO); Vehicle (VEH): mice with 1% Tween 20; HAL: Haloperidol; GgMeOH: Galphimia glauca methanolic extract; GRF: Galphimine-Rich Fraction; G-A, G-B, and G-E (galphimines) from Galphimia glauca. ANOVA, Dunnett post-hoc test (results are means ± Standard Error (SEM), p ≤0.05 was considered significant difference in comparison with APO. Total crossings = (FD = 6, F (46.61) 2.25, p = 0.0001), rearings= (FD = 6, F (114.70) 2.25, p = 0.0001), grooming = (FD = 6, F (239.8) 2.25, p = 0.0001), time spent on grooming = (FD = 6, F (627.9) 2.25, p = 0.0001).