Nymphaea lotus Linn. (Nymphaeaceae) Alleviates Sexual Disability in L-NAME Hypertensive Male Rats
Table 3
Effect of N. lotus on anxiety and ambulatory parameters.
Measures and behavioural domains
Mean ± SEM
Control
LNAME
LNAME-LSRT
LNAME-NL75
LNAME-NL200
(I) Exploration
HA
Horizontal activity
44.20±1.36
35.40±2.64
26.00±1.67 a
21.60±2.01 a
30.60±2.29
VA
Vertical activity
4.40±0.68
2.40±0.75
2.60±0.40
4.80±0.73
4.60±0.68
SA
Stopping activity
3.00±0.32
1.40±0.24
1.60±0.40
1.80±0.58
2.80±0.58
DE
Directed exploration
32.00±2.24
21.00±1.22
23.80±4.04
28.20±1.59
34.00±1.73
LL
Latency to leave
8.87±0.73
35.64±1.52 a
26.43±2.86 ab
22.64±2.98 ab
19.99±1.29 ab
ID
Interstop distance
15.50±1.99
28.30±4.96
19.93±4.13
15.95±3.65
12.45±1.99 b
(II) Displacement (D)
FD
Frequency
3.40±0.24
2.40±0.24
5.40±0.68
2.00±0.32
3.40±0.51
DD
Duration (s)
16.00±0.71
12.20±1.74
31.00±3.11
17.80±0.73
23.80±2.91
(III) Vegetative behaviours
DB
Defecation
4.00±0.32
3.00±0.45
4.60±0.24
0.60±0.40 ac
0.00±0.00 abc
UR
Urination
0.4±0.4
0.00±0.00
1.00±0.63
0.20±0.20
0.00±0.00
(IV) Motor coordination
NF
Falls
0.00±0.00
0.00±0.00
0.00±0.00
0.00±0.00
0.00±0.00
MS
Missteps
1.80±0.49
5.80±0.58 a
4.60±0.81 a
4.40±0.51 a
5.00±0.95 a
MI
Motor incoordination index
1.80±0.49
5.80±0.58 a
4.60±0.81 a
4.40±0.51 a
5.00±0.95 a
Each value represents the mean ± SEM of group. For comparisons among control and experimental groups, a = significantly different compared to Control; b = significantly different compared to L-NAME group; and c = significantly different compared to LNAME-LSRT. The exact value of P is mentioned in the text.
