Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Utilization among Adults with Arthritis in the United States
Table 5
Factors affecting CAM use in the past 12 months for men and women adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regressions according to 2012 National Health Interview Survey.
Women
Men
AOR
95% CI
value
AOR
95% CI
value
Age group
22–39 (Ref.)
40–49
0.67
[0.44, 1.04]
0.074
0.62
[0.34, 1.14]
0.125
50–64
0.46
[0.32, 0.66]
<.0001
0.48
[0.27, 0.84]
0.011
65, +
0.34
[0.23, 0.51]
<.0001
0.40
[0.21, 0.74]
0.003
Race/ethnicity
White (Ref.)
African American
0.96
[0.67, 1.37]
0.818
1.16
[0.73, 1.83]
0.527
Latino
0.86
[0.60, 1.25]
0.430
1.14
[0.67, 1.96]
0.63
Other
1.69
[0.97, 2.94]
0.064
1.01
[0.57, 1.77]
0.973
Marital status
Never married (Ref.)
Married
0.93
[0.65, 1.32]
0.679
1.23
[0.68, 2.22]
0.489
Widow/sep/div
1.00
[0.69, 1.44]
0.982
0.88
[0.47, 1.65]
0.689
Education level
GT high school (Ref.)
LT high school
0.65
[0.44, 0.95]
0.026
0.85
[0.53, 1.38]
0.512
High school
0.84
[0.66, 1.07]
0.157
0.67
[0.47, 0.95]
0.025
Region
West (Ref.)
Northeast
1.17
[0.86, 1.60]
0.307
1.09
[0.74, 1.60]
0.675
Midwest
0.98
[0.73, 1.32]
0.904
0.95
[0.64, 1.40]
0.785
South
0.73
[0.56, 0.94]
0.014
1.02
[0.71, 1.47]
0.922
Poverty status†
High income (Ref.)
Poor
0.43
[0.29, 0.65]
<.0001
0.96
[0.51, 1.84]
0.909
Near poor
0.65
[0.46, 0.91]
0.012
0.95
[0.56, 1.61]
0.859
Middle income
0.65
[0.48, 0.89]
0.006
0.90
[0.64, 1.27]
0.553
Missing
0.56
[0.39, 0.81]
0.002
1.16
[0.69, 1.95]
0.570
Insurance
Insured (Ref.)
Uninsured
0.98
[0.67, 1.43]
0.923
0.91
[0.56, 1.48]
0.693
General health
Excellent (Ref.)
Very good
0.93
[0.64, 1.34]
0.686
1.10
[0.70, 1.74]
0.669
Good
0.87
[0.59, 1.27]
0.469
0.93
[0.58, 1.51]
0.774
Fair
0.83
[0.53, 1.30]
0.406
1.18
[0.68, 2.05]
0.558
Poor
0.92
[0.53, 1.57]
0.7538
0.69
[0.33, 1.41]
0.305
Functional limitation
No (Ref.)
Yes
0.78
[0.60, 1.01]
0.058
1.29
[0.93, 1.78]
0.129
# Comorbid conditions
0 (Ref.)
1
1.26
[0.87, 1.83]
0.227
0.98
[0.62, 1.53]
0.913
>=2
1.33
[0.92, 1.90]
0.125
0.73
[0.46, 1.15]
0.179
Body mass index
Normal weight (Ref.)
Underweight
0.37
[0.14, 0.94]
0.038
1.24
[0.16, 9.46]
0.837
Overweight
0.83
[0.63, 1.10]
0.193
0.97
[0.65, 1.45]
0.885
Obese
0.77
[0.59, 1.02]
0.072
0.92
[0.58, 1.44]
0.707
Missing
0.87
[0.50, 1.53]
0.634
1.43
[0.30, 6.74]
0.653
Smoking status
Never smoke (Ref.)
Past smoker
0.91
[0.72, 1.17]
0.474
0.97
[0.68, 1.39]
0.863
Current smoker
0.74
[0.55, 0.99]
0.043
0.58
[0.38, 0.88]
0.011
Alcohol drinking
Light/abstainer (Ref.)
Former drinker
1.15
[0.86, 1.56]
0.347
1.22
[0.72, 2.06]
0.454
Current drinker
1.16
[0.84, 1.61]
0.356
1.37
[0.80, 2.36]
0.249
Missing
0.51
[0.09, 2.72]
0.427
0.34
[0.05, 2.41]
0.280
Exercise
Weekly (Ref.)
Daily
0.83
[0.51, 1.37]
0.471
1.49
[0.88, 2.53]
0.136
Monthly/yearly
0.69
[0.52, 0.93]
0.015
0.74
[0.52, 1.07]
0.107
Unable
0.53
[0.28, 0.99]
0.047
0.89
[0.39, 2.04]
0.785
Missing
0.59
[0.15, 2.36]
0.457
0.69
[0.14, 3.55]
0.662
Logistic regression on CAM use by sex was based on adults, age over 21 years, who had arthritis. Logistic regression on CAM use in the past 12 months was based on 4, 055 CAM users. values represent significant group differences based on logistic regressions on CAM use in the past 12 months. †Poor ((<100% federal poverty line); near poor (100% to <200%); middle income (200% to <400%); and high income (>400%)). AOR: adjusted odds ratios; CI: confidence Interval; CAM: complementary alternative medicine; Ref.: reference group.
