Anticancer Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Orostachys japonicus on MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Extensive Induction of Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antimetastasis

Figure 2

DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis of apoptotic death of MDA-MB-231 cells. (a) Induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. The cells were treated with OJEF (0, 0.1% DMSO, 10, 20, 40, or 60 μg/mL) for 24 h and then stained with the DNA-specific fluorochrome DAPI. Apoptotic bodies are indicated by white arrows. (b) and (c) denote flow cytometry analysis of the apoptotic death of MDA-MB-231 cells. (b) Dot plots show the apoptotic death of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with OJEF (0, 0.1% DMSO, or 60 μg/mL) for 12 h. The cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies against Annexin V-FITC and PI. Annexin−/PI− (LL), viable cells; Annexin+/PI− (LR), cells undergoing apoptosis (early apoptosis); Annexin+/PI+ (UR), cells in end-stage apoptosis (late apoptosis) or already dead. LL, lower left; LR, lower right; UR, upper right. Three experiments showed similar results. (c) Bars indicate the percentage of viable cells treated with OJEF (0, 0.1% DMSO, 10, 20, 40, or 60 μg/mL) for 12 h The values are expressed as the means ± S.D. (n = 3). Values of , , were considered statistically meaningful.

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