Xiaokeping Mixture Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating TGF-<i>β</i>/Smad Pathway in db/db Mice

<div>Effects of xiaokeping mixture on renal pathology. The pathological manifestations of typical DKD are mesangial cell growth without immune complex deposition; thickening of the dense layer of glomerular basement membrane is several times thicker than normal, diffuse increase of mesangial matrix, glomerular tuberous sclerosis, and renal arterioles Glassy change. (a) Representative photomicrographs of renal cortical sections from control group A, model group B, IST group C, and XKP group D. (b) Glomerular matrix expansion index scores (GMI) calculated from the analysis of 20 glomeruli per mouse. <sup>▲</sup><i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, compared with control; <sup>∗</sup><i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, compared with model (<svg height="8.55521pt" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 34.1002 8.55521" width="34.1002pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.661,0)"><path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z"></path></g></svg> per group). HE staining, 400x.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 2: Xiaokeping Mixture Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating TGF-<i>β</i>/Smad Pathway in db/db Mice 

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Xiaokeping Mixture Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating TGF-β/Smad Pathway in db/db Mice

Figure 2