Xiaokeping Mixture Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating TGF-β/Smad Pathway in db/db Mice

<div>Effects of xiaokeping mixture on the mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7, and SIP1. XKP markedly modulated the mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7, and SIP1 in db/db mice, suggesting that XKP confers beneficial effect on attenuating DKD. Compared with control, ▲p &lt; 0.05, ▲▲p &lt; 0.01. Compared with model, ∗p &lt; 0.05, ∗∗p &lt; 0.01.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 3: Xiaokeping Mixture Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating TGF-β/Smad Pathway in db/db Mice