Analgesic Effects of Cnidium officinale Extracts on Postoperative, Neuropathic, and Menopausal Pain in Rat Models

Figure 1

Reduced mechanical sensitivity by application of C. officinale extracts (COE) in a postoperative pain model. (a) Compared with the nontreated group, the groups treated with COE (100, 300 mg/kg) showed significantly higher mechanical withdrawal threshold at both 5 and 24 hours after surgery. Naproxen (30 mg/kg) was used as the positive control analgesic. (b) The quantification of 22–27 kHz USV calls revealed a significant difference between the COE-treated and the control groups. All data are the means ± SEM (n = 9 per group). The asterisks indicate significant difference from the control group,   p < 0.05,   p < 0.01, and   p < 0.001.

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