Review Article

The Effectiveness of Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy for Abdominal Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of RCTs of ACE for abdominal obesity.

First Author, yearNo. in ACE/Ct. InterventionOutcome (ACE versus Ct.)Side effects
Acupoints of ACEType of Ct.Frequency of ACEFrequency of Ct.Acupoints of Ct.With benefitNo effectACEEA

Tan et al, 201658/54CV12, ST25, SP15, SP9, GB26, ST40sham1 per wk (4 wks)1 per wk (4 wks)CV12, ST25, SP15, SP9, GB26, ST40BW, BMI, WC, Thickness of subcutaneous fat in the renal capsule, left and right parumbilical regionSubumbilical epithelial fat thickness, pre-hepatic fat thickness//
Lan et al, 2016100/100CV12, CV6, ST24, ST26, SP13, SP15, BL20, BL21, REN9, CV4, ST25, ST28, SP14, GB26, ST36, ST40EA1 per wk (12 wks)3 per wk (12 wks)ST24, ST26, ST25, SP14/BW, WC, HC, BMI, WHR//
Chen et al, 201530/30GB26, ST25, ST28, CV4, GB27, GB28, K113, BL52EA1 per wk (8 wks)1 per 2 days (8 wks)CV12, GB26, ST36, ST25, ST40, ST28WHR, WHtR, BMI, body fat ratio///
Deng et al, 201430/30CV12, ST25, CV7, TE6, CV4, ST36Diet1 per wk (3 mths)1 per 3 days (3 mths)/BW, WC///
Li et al, 201441/41GB26, ST25, SP15, RN12, RN6EA1 per wk (8 wks)1 per 2 days (8 wks)GB26, SP15, ST25, CV12, CV6, ST21, ST28, ST36, ST40/BW, WC, HC, BMI, WHtR, body fat ratio//
Sun et al, 201350/50CV12, CV6, ST24, ST26, SP13, SP15, BL20, BL21, REN9, CV4, ST25, ST28, SP14, GB26, ST36, ST40EA1 per wk (8 wks)3 per wk (8 wks)CV12, CV6, ST24, ST26, SP13, SP15, BL20, BL21, REN9, CV4, ST25, ST28, SP14, GB26, ST36, ST40ISI, IRI, HDLBW, WC, BMI, FPG, FINS, CH, TG, LDL//
Wu et al, 201340/40CV12, CV10, CV6, CV4, ST34, ST25EA1 per 10 days (100 days)5 per wkCV12, CV10, CV6, CV4, ST34, ST25BW, WC///
Sun et al, 201250/50CV12, CV6, ST24, ST26, SP13, SP15, BL20, BL21, REN9, CV4, ST25, ST28, SP14, GB26, ST36, ST40EA1 per wk (8 wks)3 per wk (8 wks)ST24, ST26, ST25, SP14BW, WC//
Zeng et al, 201130/30CV12, CV6 ST24, ST26, SP13, SP15 BL20, BL21, REN9, CV4, ST25, ST28, SP14, GB26, ST36, ST40, CV12, CV6, ST24, ST26, SP15EA1 per wk (12 wks)3 per wk (12 wks)CV12, CV6, ST24, ST26, SP13, SP15, BL20, BL21, REN9, CV4 ST25, ST28, SP14, GB26, ST36, ST40BMIBW, WC, HC, WHR//
Wang et al, 200830/30CV12, ST25, CV6, ST37EA1 per 10 days (3 mths)1 per 2 days (3 mths)ST21, ST25, SP15, ST28/BW, WC, HC, chest circumference, Upper arm circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference, BMIfaintingfainting
Chen et al, 201840/40CV6, CV9, ST28, KI14, ST36Sham2 per wk (6 wks)2 per wk (6 wks)CV6, CV9, ST28, KI14, ST36BW, WC, HC, BMI, Diastolic blood pressureSystolic blood pressure, Heart rate,//
Luo et al, 201230/30CV12, ST25, SP15, CV6, ST37EA1 per 10 days (3 mths)1 per 2 days (3 mths)CV12, ST21, ST25, SP15, ST28, CV6, ST37//
Peng et al, 201330/30CV12, CV6, ST24, ST26, SP13, SP15, BL20, BL21, SP9, CV9, CV4, ST25, ST28, SP14, GB26, ST36, ST40EA1 per wk (8 wks)3 per wk (8 wks)ST24, ST26, ST25, SP14////
Chen et al, 201055/55GB26, CV12, ST25, CV9, ST40EA1 per wk (8 wks)5 per wk (8 wks)GB26, CV12, ST25, CV9, ST40////
Shi et al, 201631/30CV12, CV10, CV6, CV4, ST24, ST26, SP15, GB26, ST25, GB27, GB28EA1 per wk (8 wks)3 per wk (8 wks)LI11, ST25, CV12, SP9, ST40, LR3//subcutaneous indurations, hematoma, bruise, faintingsticking of needle, hematoma, bruise, fainting