A Randomized Comparative Study between High-Intensity and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of three study groups.
Variables
LLLT (n = 20)
HILT (n = 20)
Control (n = 20)
value
Age, years
32.4 ± 3.7
33.6 ± 4.5
32.8 ± 4.2
0.651
Gender, M/F
14/6
13/7
15/5
0.836
BMI, kg/m2
25.4 ± 2.9
25.9 ± 2.5
26.2 ± 2.7
0.642
LBP duration, months
8.12 ± 3.5
7.94 ± 3.2
8.25 ± 3.7
0.961
Education level, n (%)
Academic education
6 (30)
7 (35)
5 (25)
0.913
Middle education
10 (50)
8 (40)
9 (45)
Primary education or less
4 (20)
5 (25)
6 (30)
Occupation, n (%)
Employed
10 (50)
9 (45)
11 (55)
0.981
Unemployed
4 (20)
5 (25)
4 (20)
Workers
6 (30)
6 (30)
5 (25)
Marital status, n (%)
Married
16 (80)
18 (90)
15 (75)
0.506
Single
4 (20)
2 (10)
5 (25)
Variables are presented as means ± standard deviations; significant at value <0.05; M: males; F: females; BMI: body mass index; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index; VAS: visual analogue scale; ROM: range of motion; EuroQol: European Quality of Life score.
