A Systematic Review on Traditional Uses, Sources, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicity of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus

Table 1

The Chinese patent medicines containing FCB.

Preparation name	Main compositions	Traditional and clinical usages	Reference
Ermu Ningsou Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Gypsum Fibrosum, Gardeniae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Mori Cortex, Poria, Trichosanthis Semen, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus	Clearing and moistening the lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Chuanbei Zhike Lu	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Eriobotryae Folium, Stemonae Radix, Peucedani Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Mori Cortex, and menthol	Dissolving phlegm and relieving cough	[4]
Chuanbei Pipa Tangjiang	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Platycodonis Radix, Eriobotryae Folium, and menthol	Clearing heat, dispersing lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Chuanbei Xueli Gao	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Ophiopogonis Radix, Lilii Bulbus, and Farfarae Flos	Promoting production of body fluid, relieving sore throat, clearing lung, and relieving cough	[4]
Xiao’ er Zhisou Tangjiang	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Scrophulariae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Arisaema Cum Bile, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Arecae Semen Tostum, Platycodonis Radix, Bambusae Caulis In Taenias, Mori Cortex, Trichosanthis Radix, Trichosanthis Semen, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Perillae Fructus, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and Perillae Folium	Moistening lung, clearing heat, relieving cough, and dissolving phlegm	[4]
Xiao’ er Huadu San	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Bovis Calculus Artifactus, Margarita, Realgar, Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Olibanum, Myrrha, and Borneolum Syntheticum	Clearing heat and detoxication, promoting blood circulation, and relieving swelling	[4]
Xiao’ er Zhibao Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Perillae Folium, Pogostemonis Herba, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Typhonii Rhizoma, Arisaema Cum Bile, Sinapis Semen, Arecae Semen, Crataegi Fructus, Poria, Medicated Leaven, Hordei Fructus Germinatus, Amber, Borneolum Syntheticum, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis, Bombyx Batryticatus, Cicadae Periostracum, Scorpio, Bovis Calculus Artifactus, Realgar, Talcum, and Cinnabaris	Dispelling wind, relieving convulsion, removing stagnation, and dissolving phlegm	[4]
Xiao’ er Jindan Pian	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Cinnabaris, Citri Grandis Exocarpium, Arisaema Cum Bile, Peucedani Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Isatidis Folium, Akebiae Caulis, Platycodonis Radix, Schizonepetae Spica, Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix, Tamaricis Cacumen, Rehmanniae Radix, Aurantii Fructus, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis, Puerariae Thomsonii Radix, Arctii Fructus, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Borneolum Syntheticum, Bubali Cornu, Saigae Tataricae Cornu, and menthol	Dispelling wind, dissolving phlegm, clearing heat, and detoxication	[4]
Xiao’ er Kechuan Keli	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Scutellariae Radix, Bambusae Concretio Silicea, Perillae Fructus, Bombyx Batryticatus, Crataegi Fructus, Raphani Semen, Gypsum Fibrosum, Houttuyniae Herba, Asari Radix Et Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Platycodonis Radix, and tea	Clearing heat, dispersing lung, dissolving phlegm, relieving cough, and asthma	[4]
Xiao’ er Qingfei Zhike Pian	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Perillae Folium, Chrysanthemi Flos, Puerariae Thomsonii Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Eriobotryae Folium, Perillae Fructus, Mori Cortex, Peucedani Radix, Belamcandae Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Isatidis Radix, Bovis Calculus Artifactus, and Borneolum Syntheticum	Clearing heat, relieving cough, and dissolving phlegm
Zhisou Huatan Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Papaveris Pericarpium, Platycodonis Radix, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Peucedani Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, Gypsum Fibrosum, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Perillae Folium, Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen, Farfarae Flos, Stemonae Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Buddlejae Flos, Asparagi Radix, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Aurantii Fructus, Trichosanthis Semen, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix, Aristolochiae Fructus, and Mori Follum	Clearing lung, dissolving phlegm, relieving cough, and asthma	[4]
Beiling Jiaonang	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Saigae Tataricae Cornu, Hyodeoxycholic acid, Moschus, Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, Bambusae Concretio Silicea, Chloriti Lapis, and Borax	Clearing heat, dissolving phlegm, relieving cough, and asthma	[4]
Niuhuang Shedan Chuanbei Ye	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Bovis Calculus Artifactus, snake bile, and menthol	Clearing heat, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Ganlu Xiaodu Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Talcum, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Akebiae Caulis, Belamcandae Rhizoma, Amomi Fructus Rotundus, Forsythiae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Pogostemonis Herba, and Menthae Haplocalycis Herba	Dispelling dampness, clearing heat, and detoxication	[4]
Baihe Gujin Koufuye	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Lilii Bulbus, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Ophiopogonis Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Platycodonis Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying yin, moistening lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Baihe Gujin Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Lilii Bulbus, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Ophiopogonis Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Platycodonis Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying yin, moistening lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Baihe Gujin Pian	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Lilii Bulbus, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Ophiopogonis Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Platycodonis Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying yin, moistening lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Baihe Gujin Keli	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Lilii Bulbus, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Ophiopogonis Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Platycodonis Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying yin, moistening lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Miaoling Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Akebiae Caulis, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Arisaematis Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix, Puerariae Thomsonii Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Citri Grandis Exocarpium, Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis, Peucedani Radix, Borneolum Syntheticum, Cinnabaris, Saigae Tataricae Cornu, and Bubali Cornu	Clearing heat, dissolving phlegm, dispelling wind, and relieving convulsion	[4]
Jinsang Qingyin Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Scrophulariae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Alismatis Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, Dendrobii Caulis, Bombyx Batryticatus, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Sterculiae Lychnophorae Semen, Cicadae Periostracum, Oroxyli Semen, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying yin, clearing lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving sore throat	[4]
Zhike Chuanbei Pipa Diwan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Eriobotryae Folium, Platycodonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, and menthol	Clearing heat, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Zhike Chuanbei Pipa Lu	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Eriobotryae Folium, Platycodonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, and menthol	Clearing heat, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Shenrong Baotai Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Codonopsis Radix, Longan Arillus, Cuscutae Semen, Cyperi Rhizoma, Poria, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Artemisiae Argyi Folium, Atractylodis Macrocephalae; Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Asini Corii Colla, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma; Praeparata Cum Melle, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Taxilli Herba, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix, Dipsaci Radix, Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum, Eucommiae Cortex, Amomi Fructus, and Citri Grandis Exocarpium	Tonifying Qi and Yang and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis	[4]
Fufang Chuanbeijing Pian	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Ephedrae Herba, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Platycodonis Radix, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, and Polygalae Radix.	Dispersing lung, dissolving phlegm, relieving cough, and asthma	[4]
Yangyin Qingfei Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Rehmanniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Moutan Cortex, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying Yin, moistening and clearing lung, and relieving sore throat	[4]
Yangyinqingfei Koufuye	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Rehmanniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Moutan Cortex, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying Yin, moistening and clearing lung, and relieving sore throat	[4]
Yangyin Qingfei Gao	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Rehmanniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Moutan Cortex, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying Yin, moistening and clearing lung, and relieving sore throat	[4]
Yangshen Baofei Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Amomi Fructus, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, and Scrophulariae Radix	Tonifying Yin, moistening lung, relieving cough, and asthma	[4]
Yifei Qinghua Gao	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Astragali Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Glehniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Agrimoniae Herba, Bistortae Rhizoma, Patriniae Herba, Hedyotis Diffusa, Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma, Platycodonis Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Tonifying Yin, and Qi, clearing heat and detoxication, resolving phlegm, and relieving cough	[4]
Shedan Chuanbei Ruanjiaonang	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and snake bile	Clearing lung, relieving cough, and dissolving phlegm	[4]
Shedan Chuanbei Jiaonang	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and snake bile	Clearing lung, relieving cough, and dissolving phlegm	[4]
Shedan Chuanbei San	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and snake bile	Clearing lung, relieving cough, and dissolving phlegm	[4]
Qingfei Huatan Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Scutellariae Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Trichosanthis Semen, Arisaema Cum Bile, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poria, Aurantii Fructus, Ephedrae Herba, Platycodonis Radix, Perilla Frutescens, Raphani Semen, Farfarae Flos, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Dissolving phlegm and relieving cough and asthma	[4]
Qingyin Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Chebulae Fructus, Chinese Gall Leaven, Mume Fructus, Puerariae Thomsonii Radix, Poria, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, and Trichosanthis Radix	Clearing heat, relieving sore throat, producing saliva, and embellish dryness	[4]
Tingbei Jiaonang	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen, Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Trichosanthis Pericarpium, Gypsum Fibrosum, Scutellariae Radix, Houttuyniae Herba, Inulae Flos, Haematitum, Ginkgo Semen, Gecko, Platycodonis Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Clearing lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough and asthma	[4]
Biyanling Pian	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Xanthii Fructus, Magnoliae Flos, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Asari Radix Et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, and menthol	Clearing heat and dispelling wind, detumescence, and relieving rhinitis and rhinobyon	[4]
Juhong Huatan Wan	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Citri Grandis Exocarpium, Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Papaveris Pericarpium, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Alumen, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	Astringing lung, dissolving phlegm, and relieving cough and asthma	[4]
Dianxiankang Jiaonang	Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Bombyx Batryticatus, Arisaema Cum Bile, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Scorpio, Ophiopogonis Radix, Lophatheri Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Amber, Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma, Borneolum Syntheticum, and Bovis Calculus Artifactus	Relieving convulsion, calming wind, dissolving phlegm, and restoring a clear head	[4]

Note. “Dispelling wind” is a therapeutic principle and method of traditional Chinese medicine for cough, rhinitis, and convulsion; “Tonifying yin” and “moistening lung” are the ways to promote the production of body fluid which could prevent the lung from being damaged by harmful substances from outside; Tonifying Qi and Yang is a therapeutic method of traditional Chinese medicine to improve the body’s immunity.