A Systematic Review on Traditional Uses, Sources, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicity of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus

Table 4

Pharmacokinetics of FCB.

Study models	Compounds	Dosage	Method of administration	T1/2 (h)	Tmax (h)	CL/F (L·kg/h)	V\F (L/kg)	Cmax (μg/L)	AUC0–tμg h/L)	AUC0–∞μg h/L)	Reference
Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats	Imperialine	5 mg/kg	i.v.	14.731 ± 19.393	—	2.087 ± 0.666	—	—	1105.206 ± 1019.526	2590.930 ± 820.813	[86]
Male SD rats	Imperialine	1 mg/kg	i.g.	1.906 ± 0.703	0.467 ± 0.347	6.310 ± 0.971	—	60.929 ± 17.356	156.466 ± 26.218	161.672 ± 26.129	[86]
Male SD rats	Imperialine	5 mg/kg	i.g.	4.683 ± 4.409	0.550 ± 0.274	3.955 ± 1.151	—	318.019 ± 62.449	1179.344 ± 238.451	1388.993 ± 546.863	[86]
Male SD rats	Imperialine	10 mg/kg	i.g.	2.305 ± 0.961	0.600 ± 0.224	4.228 ± 0.924	—	743.601 ± 234.293	2287.713 ± 406.720	2455.225 ± 522.966	[86]
Beagle dogs	Imperialine	5 mg	i.g.	3.041 ± 1.928	1.167 ± 0.258	—	—	12.335 ± 11.629	36.430 ± 5.944	40.213 ± 10.554	[87]
Beagle dogs	Imperialine tablet	5 mg	i.g.	11.890 ± 13.622	4.333 ± 1.366	—	—	7.723 ± 1.166	89.581 ± 21.243	91.170 ± 20.997	[87]
SD rats	Peimine	1 mg/kg	i.g.	♀2.86 ± 1.29	♀0.67 ± 0.31	♀67.0 ± 11.6	♀280 ± 160	♀3.67 ± 1.13	♀14.5 ± 3.27	♀15.3 ± 3.06	[90]
				♂2.78 ± 0.85	♂0.70 ± 0.11	♂6.53 ± 2.35	♂25.5 ± 9.07	♂38.9 ± 9.34	♂159 ± 50.1	♂167 ± 52.5
SD rats	Peimine	2 mg/kg	i.g.	♀4.05 ± 2.48	♀0.40 ± 0.36	♀113 ± 33.5	♀649 ± 419	♀7.45 ± 7.10	♀17.3 ± 5.40	♀18.8 ± 5.01	[90]
				♂3.05 ± 0.78	♂1.45 ± 1.42	♂4.40 ± 0.98	♂19.4 ± 6.70	♂94.8 ± 17.1	♂446 ± 111	♂475 ± 119
SD rats	Peimine	4 mg/kg	i.g.	♀1.84 ± 0.58	♀0.40 ± 0.35	♀152 ± 28.2	♀387 ± 74.2	♀12.6 ± 5.14	♀26.6 ± 5.84	♀27.1 ± 5.78	[90]
				♂2.33 ± 0.86	♂0.70 ± 0.11	♂5.59 ± 1.48	♂18.6 ± 9.14	♂176 ± 45.2	♂737 ± 236	♂769 ± 257
SD rats	Peimine	0.4 mg/kg	i.v.	—	—	♀4.47 ± 1.48	♀82.5 ± 70.3	—	♀65.6 ± 7.03	♀98.9 ± 35.8	[90]
						♂2.43 ± 0.37	♂10.9 ± 1.56		♂159.5 ± 20.2	♂167.6 ± 23.0
SD rats	Peimisine	0.26 mg/kg	i.g.	♀3.2 ± 1.8	♀4.0 ± 0.0	♀9.6 ± 3.9	♀43.8 ± 27.2	♀5.6 ± 2.3	♀26.1 ± 9.7	♀30.0 ± 10.9	[89]
				♂3.9 ± 1.7	♂4.0 ± 0.0	♂2.2 ± 0.02	♂12.5 ± 5.7	♂17.8 ± 1.7	♂102.3 ± 6.5	♂117.2 ± 1.2
SD rats	Peimisine	1.3 mg/kg	i.g.	♀3.1 ± 1.3	♀3.0 ± 1.4	♀2.8 ± 0.99	♀7.9 ± 2.4	♀58.2 ± 14.7	♀478.3 ± 162.0	♀480.0 ± 164.4	[89]
				♂3.0 ± 0.26	♂4.0 ± 0.0	♂1.34 ± 0.07	♂5.8 ± 0.22	♂123.6 ± 36.4	♂964.4 ± 46.5	♂970.0 ± 49.1
SD rats	Peimisine	6.5 mg/kg	i.g.	♀4.8 ± 1.1	♀4.0 ± 0.0	♀5.1 ± 1.7	♀33.8 ± 7.5	♀181.2 ± 32.4	♀1305.7 ± 404.9	♀1389.6 ± 476.2	[89]
				♂4.5 ± 1.3	♂3.5 ± 1.0	♂1.2 ± 0.40	♂7.7 ± 2.4	♂601.7 ± 212.0	♂5529.5 ± 1628.2	♂5695.8 ± 1372.0