Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of all studies included in the meta-analysis.

Study	Regimen		No. of patients	Age (years)	Duration^#	Outcomes	Jadad
	Treatment	Control
Cao et al. [12]	Tongluo Huaxian granules + PDN	PDN	30/30	60.27/61.54	6 M	VC%, TLC%	2
Dong [13]	Kangxian Shufei granules + PDN	PDN	33/33	59.11/57.7	3 M	DLCO%, PO2, FEV1%, FVC%	1
Fan et al. [14]	Kechuanting granules	PDN	32/31	54.11/53.03	6 M	FEV1%, FEV1/FVC,	1
Tan and Li [15]	Shuizhi Tongluo capsule + PDN	PDN	31/31	61.1/63.67	3 M	DLCO%, PO2	1
Wang et al. [16]	Yangyin Yiqi Misture	PDN	34/30	66.07/63.13	6 M	DLCO%, FEV1%, FVC%,	2
Weng and Ma [17]	Qingjin decoction + PDN	PDN	42/42	52.66/53.33	6 M	PO2, FEV1%,	2
Chen et al. [18]	Huaxian Pogu formula + PDN	PDN	25/25	63/65	3 M	VC%, DLCO%, TLC%, PO2	1
Fan et al. [19]	Feixiantong decoction	NAC	22/21	60.98/65.12	12 W	VC%, DLCO%, TLC%	2
Feng et al. [20]	Feixiankang granules + PDN	PDN	30/30	—	6 M	DLCO%, PO2	1
Gan et al. [21]	Huaxian decoction + PDN	PDN	26/27	63.2/64.5	3 M	DLCO	2
Fan et al. [22]	Feitong oral liquid (high dose)	PDN	73/65	59.01/58.27	3 M	DLCO%, TLC%, PO2, 6MWD	5
Fan et al. [22]	Feitong oral liquid (low dose)	PDN	66/65	57.38/58.27	3 M	DLCO%, TLC%, PO2, 6MWD	5
Xu et al. [23]	Bufei Yishen Huoxue decoction + PDN	PDN	35/35	52.32/51.51	12 W	DLCO%, PO2, FVC%,	3
Chen [24]	Danhong injection + PDN	PDN	45/45	50.2/49.5	12 W	DLCO	2
Li et al. [25]	Feibitongfang	PDN	23/22	59.97/64.59	12 W	VC%, TLC%, PO2	2
Yan et al. [26]	Buyang Huanwu decoction + NAC	NAC	60/60	63.5/63.4	6 M	DLCO%, PO2, FEV1%	2
Li et al. [27]	Yangyin Yifei Tongluo Wan	NAC	34/30	58.23/59.98	3 M	VC%, DLCO%, TLC%	2
Liu et al. [28]	Xuefu Zhuyu capsule + NAC	NAC	18/16	—	18 M	DLCO%, TLC%, PO2, FVC%, 6MWD	2
Song [29]	Xuefu Zhuyu decoction + PDN	PDN	48/48	62.1/63.27	3 M	FEV1%, FVC%, SGRQ	2
Sun et al. [30]	Danhong injection + ED	ED	35/35	48.2/50.8	12 W	DLCO, PO2	2
Yan [31]	Danhong injection + PDN	PDN	34/34	52.3/53.5	12 W	DLCO	1
Hu et al. [32]	Yiqi Huayu Tongluo decoction + PDN	PDN	40/40	53.87/54.19	12 W	DLCO, PO2, SGRQ	2
Wang et al. [33]	Wenyang Huayu decoction + NAC	NAC	43/37	—	3 M	VC%, DLCO%, TLC%,	1
Zhao and Wu [34]	Danhong Injection + NAC	NAC	40/40	62.3/62.8	12 W	DLCO, PO2, FEV1/FVC	1
Han et al. [35]	Pingfeng Shengmai powder + PDN	PDN	47/47	59.23/58.64	3 M	VC%, DLCO%, TLC%, PO2	1
Hu [36]	Pingfeng Shengmai powder + PDN	PDN	45/44	56.21/56.68	6 M	FEV1%, FVC%, 6MWD	1
Li et al. [37]	Peiyuan Huoxue decoction + PDN	PDN	42/42	59.4/59.8	6 M	FEV1/FVC	1
Miao et al. [38]	Bushen Tongluo decoction	NAC	28/27	62.36/65.68	12 W	VC%, DLCO%, 6MWD, SGRQ	2
Wang [39]	Xuefu Zhuyu decoction + PDN	PDN	162/162	60.6/61.3	24 W	FVC%	2
Xie and Tong [40]	Yangyin Yiqi Misture + DXM	DXM	45/45	—	3 M	FEV1/FVC, 6MWD, SGRQ	2
Xin and Feng [41]	Erjiaxiaozheng decoction	NAC	25/24	65.68/65.88	6 M	6MWD, SGRQ	1
Yuan et al. [42]	Bufei Yishen Huoxue Misture + DXM	DXM	39/39	68.56/69.61	3 M	FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, 6MWD, SGRQ	2
Cui et.al. [43]	Fuzheng Tixie Souluo decoction	Placebo	30/31	63.9/62.61	12 W	VC%, DLCO%, TLC%, FEV1%, FVC%, SGRQ	4
Deng and Wang [44]	Huangqi Taohong decoction + PDN	PDN	59/59	64.06/63.21	3 M	DLCO%, PO2, FVC%	2
Feng and Sun [45]	Yifei Tongluo recipe + NAC	NAC	31/31	61/62.3	6 M	DLCO, 6MWD	2
Fu and Lu [46]	Loubei Lengshu decoction	PDN	50/50	—	3 M	DLCO%, TLC%	2
Gu [47]	Qishufeixian decoction + PFD	PFD	30/30	62.3/63.8	6 M	FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, FVC%, SGRQ	2
Peng et al. [48]	Qigui recipe + PDN	PDN	25/25	58.96/59.8	12 W	6MWD, SGRQ	3
Wu [49]	Danhong injection + PDN	PDN	30/30	61.56/61.8	12 W	DLCO, PO2	2
Xi and Qin [50]	Huaxian Tongluo decoction + NAC	NAC	30/30	65.11/64.28	3 M	VC%, DLCO%, TLC%, PO2, 6WMD, SGRQ	2
Zhao et al. [51]	Fuzheng Huaxian formula	NAC	30/24	58/59	3 M	DLCO%, FVC%, 6MWD, SGRQ	3

Treatment/control; ^#M = months, W = weeks; 6MWD: 6-minute walking distance; SGRQ: St. George’s respiratory questionnaire; VC: vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; TLC: total lung capacity; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; PDN: prednisone; DXM: dexamethasone; PFD: pirfenidone; ED: edaravone; % indicates the percentage of measured value to predicted value.