Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Quercus Species

Table 2

Polyphenolic compounds in Quercus species.


Compound isolated	Chemical structure	Species	Reference

Gallic acid		Q. acuta⁽¹⁾ Q. alba⁽⁷⁾ Q. arizonica⁽³⁾ Q. convallata⁽³⁾ Q. durifolia⁽³⁾ Q. faginea⁽⁷⁾ Q. eduardii⁽³⁾ Q. glauca⁽¹⁾ Q. ilex⁽⁴⁾ Q. humboldtii⁽⁵⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽¹⁾ Q. petraea⁽⁷⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽¹⁾ Q. pyrenaica⁽⁷⁾ Q. robur⁽⁷⁾ Q. resinosa^(2,3) Q. rotundifolia⁽¹⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. stenophylla⁽⁴⁾ Q. suber^(1,7) Q. sideroxyla⁽⁴⁾ Q. spp. ⁽⁷⁾	(1) [67] (2) [47] (3) [68] (4) [69] (5) [70] (6) [71] (7) [72]
Quinic acid		Q. suber	[73]
Gentisic acid		Q. acuta⁽¹⁾ Q. glauca⁽¹⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽¹⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. spp. ⁽²⁾	(1) [67] (2) [72]
Chlorogenic acid		Q. acuta⁽¹⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽¹⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽¹⁾ Q. resinosa⁽²⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. mohriana⁽⁴⁾ Q. muhlenbergii⁽⁴⁾ Q. oblongifolia⁽⁴⁾ Q. pungens⁽⁴⁾ Q. turbinella⁽⁴⁾ Q. emoryi⁽⁴⁾ Q. hypoleucoides⁽⁴⁾ Q. suber⁽³⁾	(1) [67] (2) [47] (3) [71] (4) [74]
Caffeic acid		Q. acuta⁽¹⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽¹⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽¹⁾ Q. resinosa⁽²⁾ Q. robur⁽¹⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. spp. ⁽³⁾	(1) [67] (2) [47] (3) [72]
Ferulic acid		Q. acuta (1) Q. faginea (2) Q. glauca (1) Q. myrsinaefolia (1) Q. petraea (2) Q. phillyraeoides (1) Q. petraea (2) Q. pyrenaica (2) Q. robur (2) Q. salicina (1) Q. suber (3)	(1) [67] (2) [72] (3) [75]
Vanillic acid		Q. acuta (1) Q. alba (2) Q. faginea (2) Q. glauca (1) Q. humboldtii (4) Q. myrsinaefolia (1) Q. petraea (2) Q. phillyraeoides (2) Q. pyrenaica (2) Q. resinosa (2) Q. robur (2) Q. salicina (1) Q. suber (3) Q. spp. (2)	(1) [67] (2) [72] (3) [75] (4) [70]
Homogentisic acid		Q. acuta Q. myrsinaefolia Q. phillyraeoides Q. salicina	[67]
Protocatechuic acid		Q. acuta⁽¹⁾ Q. glauca⁽¹⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽¹⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽¹⁾ Q. resinosa⁽²⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. suber^(3,4,5) Q. spp. ⁽⁶⁾	(1) [67] (2) [47] (3) [71] (4) [75] (5) [76] (6) [72]
Syringic acid		Q. acuta⁽¹⁾ Q. alba^(3,4) Q. faginea⁽³⁾ Q. glauca⁽¹⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽¹⁾ Q. petraea⁽³⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽¹⁾ Q. pyrenaica⁽³⁾ Q. resinosa⁽²⁾ Q. robur⁽³⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. humboldtii⁽⁴⁾ Q. petraea⁽⁴⁾ Q. spp. ⁽³⁾	(1) [67] (2) [47] (3) [72] (4) [70]
Galloylquinic acid		Q. emoryi Q. hypoleucoides	[74]
Vanillin		Q. acuta⁽¹⁾ Q. alba⁽³⁾ Q. faginea⁽³⁾ Q. glauca⁽¹⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽¹⁾ Q. petraea⁽³⁾ Q. pyrenaica⁽³⁾ Q. resinosa⁽²⁾ Q. robur⁽³⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. suber^(4,5,6) Q. spp. ⁽³⁾	(1) [67] (2) [47] (3) [72] (4) [75] (5) [73] (6) [71]
Kaempferol		Q. acutaQ. glauca⁽¹⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽¹⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽¹⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. stenophylla⁽²⁾	(1) [67] (2) [77]
Quercetin		Q. incana⁽¹⁾ Q. glauca⁽²⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽²⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽²⁾ Q. salicina⁽²⁾	(1) [78] (2) [67]
Naringenin		Q. acuta⁽¹⁾ Q. glauca⁽¹⁾ Q. myrsinaefolia⁽¹⁾ Q. phillyraeoides⁽¹⁾ Q. salicina⁽¹⁾ Q. suber⁽²⁾	(1) [67] (2) [73]
Acutissimin A		Q. arizonica Q. gambelii Q. grisea Q. havardii Q. mohriana Q. muhlenbergii Q. oblongifolia Q. pungens Q. rugosa Q. turbinella	[74]
Epicatechin		Q. convallata Q. resinosa Q. gilva	[47,79,80]
Castalagin		Q. arizonica⁽¹⁾ Q. fabri⁽⁴⁾ Q. gambelii⁽¹⁾ Q. grisea⁽¹⁾ Q. havardii⁽¹⁾ Q. mohriana⁽¹⁾ Q. muhlenbergii⁽¹⁾ Q. oblongifolia⁽¹⁾ Q. pungens⁽¹⁾ Q. rugosa⁽¹⁾ Q. turbinella⁽¹⁾ Q. suber^(2,3)	(1) [74] (2) [71] (3) [16] (4) [81]
Gallocatechin		Q. grisea⁽²⁾ Q. resinosa^(1,2) Q. arizonica⁽²⁾ Q. convallata⁽²⁾ Q. durifolia⁽²⁾ Q. eduardii⁽²⁾ Q. sideroxyla⁽²⁾	(1) [47] (2) [68]
Epicatechin gallate		Q. arizonica⁽¹⁾ Q. resinosa⁽¹⁾ Q. eduardii⁽²⁾ Q. convallat⁽¹⁾ Q. ilex⁽²⁾ Q. gilva⁽³⁾ Q. sideroxyla⁽¹⁾	(1) [68] (2) [82] (3) [80]
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate		Q. ilex⁽¹⁾ Q. grisea⁽²⁾ Q. resinosa⁽²⁾ Q. arizonica⁽²⁾ Q. convallata⁽²⁾	(1) [82] (2) [68]
Eupatorin		Q. incana	[29]
Cirsimaritin		Q. incana	[29]
Methyl gallate		Q. incana	[78]
Picraquassioside D
Quercussioside
Procyanidin B3
Procyanidin B4		Q. gilva	[80]
Quercuschin		Q. incana	[78]
Lyoniresinol-9-O-β-xylopyranoside		Q. coccifera Q. gilva	[80,83]
Polydatin		Q. coccifera	[83]