Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oils of Alpinia calcarata Rosc., Its Main Constituents, and Possible Mechanism of Action

Figure 3

Effect of EOs of AC on nitric oxide (NO) inhibition. Effect of ACEOs on NO production, iNOS activation, and nitrite scavenging at 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/mL. N: cells not treated with LPS or drug; LPS: cells treated with LPS (1 μg/mL); SNP: free radical NO generation by SNP; RO: rhizome essential oil; LO: leaf essential oil; L-NMMA + LPS: cells treated with 250 μM L-NMMA and LPS; SNP + PTIO: free radical NO generation by SNP with nitrite scavenger PTIO. The data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). Symbols “,” “,” and “” represent a significant difference , , and , between LPS+ and EO-treated cells. Symbols “” and “” represent a significant difference between normal and LPS + cells, buffer, and SNP generated NO.