Review Article

The Efficacy of Tai Chi and Qigong Exercises on Blood Pressure and Blood Levels of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Electronic search strategies.

DatabaseSearch terms

Cochrane#1 MeSH descriptor: [Tai Ji] explode all trees
#2 MeSH descriptor: [Qigong] explode all trees
#3 MeSH descriptor: [Hypertension] explode all trees
#4 (Tai-ji): ti, ab, kw
#5 (Tai Chi): ti, ab, kw
#6 (Tai Chi Chuan): ti, ab, kw
#7 (Tai Ji Quan): ti, ab, kw
#8 (Taiji): ti, ab, kw
#9 (Taijiquan): ti, ab, kw
#10 (Qi Gong): ti, ab, kw
#11 (Qi-Gong): ti, ab, kw
#12 (qi gong): ti, ab, kw
#13 (High Blood Pressure): ti, ab, kw
#14 (High Blood Pressures): ti, ab, kw
#15 #1 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9
#16 #2 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12
#17 #3 OR #13 OR #14
#18 #15 OR #16
#19 #17 AND #18

PubMed1.“Hypertension”[Mesh] OR High Blood Pressures [Title/Abstract] OR Blood Pressure, High [Title/Abstract] OR Blood Pressures, High [Title/Abstract] OR High Blood Pressure [Title/Abstract]
2. “Tai Ji” [Mesh] OR Tai Chi Chuan [Title/Abstract] OR Tai-ji [Title/Abstract] OR Tai Chi [Title/Abstract] OR Chi, Tai [Title/Abstract] OR Tai Ji Quan [Title/Abstract] OR Ji Quan, Tai [Title/Abstract] OR Quan, Tai Ji [Title/Abstract] OR Taiji [Title/Abstract] OR Taijiquan [Title/Abstract] OR T'ai Chi [Title/Abstract]
3. “Qigong” [Mesh] OR Ch’i Kung [Title/Abstract] OR Qi Gong [Title/Abstract]
4. randomized controlled trial [Publication Type] OR randomized [Title/Abstract] OR placebo [Title/Abstract]
5. 2 OR 3
6. 1 AND 4 AND 5

Embase#1 ‘Tai Chi’/exp
#2 ‘tai ji’: ab, ti
#3 ‘tai chi chuan’: ab, ti
#4 ‘tai-ji’: ab, ti
#5 ‘tai ji quan’: ab, ti
#6 ‘taiji’: ab, ti
#7 ‘taijiquan’: ab, ti
#8 ‘qi gong’/exp
#9 ‘qigong’: ab, ti
#10 ‘hypertension’/exp
#11 ‘high blood pressure’: ab, ti
#12 ‘high blood pressures’: ab, ti
#13 ‘randomized controlled trial’/exp
#14 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7
#15 #8 OR #9
#16 #10 OR #11 OR #12
#17 #14 OR #15
#18 #13 AND #16 AND #17

CNKI1. Central-Theme: tai ji (Tai Chi)
2. Central-Theme: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
3. 1 or 2
4. Central-Theme: gao xue ya (hypertension)
5. 3 and 4
6. Title/Keywords/Abstract: tai ji (Tai Chi)
7. Title/Keywords/Abstract: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
8. 6 or 7
9. Title/Keywords/Abstract: gao xue ya (hypertension)
10. 8 and 9
11. 5 or 10

VIP1. Title/Keywords: tai ji (Tai Chi)
2. Title/Keywords: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
3. 1 or 2
4. Title/Keywords: gao xue ya (hypertension)
5. 3 and 4
6. Abstract: tai ji (Tai Chi)
7. Abstract: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
8. 6 or 7
9. Abstract: gao xue ya (hypertension)
10. 8 and 9
11. 5 or 10

Wanfang data1. Subject: tai ji (Tai Chi)
2. Subject: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
3. 1 or 2
4. Subject: gao xue ya (hypertension)
5. 3 and 4
6. Title/Keywords: tai ji (Tai Chi)
7. Title/Keywords: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
8. 6 or 7
9. Title/Keywords: gao xue ya (hypertension)
10. 8 and 9
11. Abstract: tai ji (Tai Chi)
12. Abstract: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
13. 11 or 12
14. Abstract: gao xue ya (hypertension)
15. 13 and 14
16. 5 or 10 or 15

CBM1. Title: tai ji (Tai Chi)
2. Title: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
3. 1 or 2
4. Title: gao xue ya (hypertension)
5. 3 and 4
6. Abstract: tai ji (Tai Chi)
7. Abstract: qi gong (Qigong) or ba duan jin (Baduanjin) or yi jin jing (Yijinjing) or wu qin xi (Wuqinxi)
8. 6 or 7
9. Abstract: gao xue ya (hypertension)
10. 8 and 9
11. 5 or 10