Exercise Preconditioning Plays a Protective Role in Exhaustive Rats by Activating the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway

Table 1

The effect of EP on the cardiac function parameters of exhausted rats.

	Con	EE	EP	EP + EE	LY + EP + EE	LY
Parameter
CO (ml/min)	50.78 ± 4.35	42.04 ± 3.70	54.95 ± 4.05	46.28 ± 3.89	42.15 ± 3.62	51.03 ± 3.20
SV (μL)	136.25 ± 17.22	105.44 ± 10.77	150.38 ± 12.03	121.38 ± 14.03	107.25 ± 10.77	131.75 ± 16.51
HR (bpm)	374.50 ± 31.78	401.75 ± 22.75	349.63 ± 17.52	388.38 ± 22.04	395.50 ± 23.84	367.63 ± 29.48
Ves (μL)	101.25 ± 9.82	140.13 ± 13.27	86.25 ± 12.31	126.54 ± 10.79	142.04 ± 17.82	97.88 ± 13.00
Ved (μL)	212.50 ± 11.14	236.50 ± 20.95	196.25 ± 12.88	220.00 ± 16.74	229.88 ± 12.22	215.50 ± 15.46
Pes (mmHg)	121.50 ± 15.34	97.38 ± 10.65	123.50 ± 17.25	111.00 ± 12.28	103.00 ± 7.96	118.38 ± 13.76
Ped (mmHg)	3.83 ± 0.58	4.56 ± 0.33	3.42 ± 0.53	4.22 ± 0.37	4.49 ± 0.43	3.66 ± 0.45
Systolic indices
EF (%)	62.98 ± 7.44	43.50 ± 5.80	71.86 ± 11.92	53.25 ± 9.45	44.38 ± 3.76	60.86 ± 10.91
dp/dt max (mmHg/s)	8922.38 ± 983.83	7211.50 ± 658.11	9733.75 ± 780.49	8091.50 ± 691.04	6929.38 ± 861.76	8672.38 ± 774.45
ESPVR	2.50 ± 0.36	1.45 ± 0.12	2.85 ± 0.50	1.90 ± 0.19	1.58 ± 0.20	2.53 ± 0.30
Diastolic indices
EDPVR	0.022 ± 0.004	0.037 ± 0.005	0.016 ± 0.005	0.031 ± 0.006	0.035 ± 0.004	0.021 ± 0.003
Tau	9.57 ± 1.03	13.63 ± 1.95	10.03 ± 0.94	11.74 ± 1.83	13.28 ± 1.76	9.50 ± 0.85
−dp/dt min (mmHg/s)	6595.88 ± 544.95	5354.63 ± 527.54	7148.50 ± 608.64	6117.13 ± 509.85	5517.13 ± 523.94	6384.63 ± 555.96
Mechanoenergetics indices
PE (mmHg ∗ μL)	9916 ± 1665	13141 ± 2293	7679 ± 1210	10997 ± 1887	12034 ± 2447	9779 ± 1691
SW (mmHg ∗ μL)	16536 ± 2286	10875 ± 2506	20753 ± 2653	1396 ± 2273	11591 ± 2010	16285 ± 1824
CE (%)	61.88 ± 7.57	45.63 ± 5.95	72.38 ± 13.18	56.25 ± 7.13	48.00 ± 5.07	63.12 ± 7.35