Zingiber officinale Roscoe Prevents DNA Damage and Improves Muscle Performance and Bone Integrity in Old Sprague Dawley Rats
Table 1
The liver function test results of pilot study, single unrepeated dose of acute toxicity study, and daily dose of acute toxicity study.
Total protein
Albumin
Globulin
A/G ratio
Total bilirubin
AST
ALT
Alkaline phosphatase
Gamma GT
Pilot study, n = 3
Day 0
84.00 ± 1.00
28.00 ± 1.00
56.00 ± 1.00
0.50 ± 0.00
2.28 ± 0.99
248.00 ± 63.66
84.00 ± 17.44
251.67 ± 137.01
4.00 ± 0.00
Day 6
74.00 ± 6.56
24.00 ± 2.65
50.00 ± 6.93
0.50 ± 0.10
1.71 ± 0.00
235.33 ± 125.13
94.00 ± 27.87
230.33 ± 117.17
4.00 ± 0.00
Day 11
89.67 ± 8.62
28.00 ± 2.65
61.67 ± 6.03
0.47 ± 0.06
1.71 ± 0.00
244.67 ± 40.55
100.33 ± 26.56
230.33 ± 153.94
4.00 ± 0.00
Day 16
88.67 ± 22.05
27.67 ± 3.79
61.00 ± 18.33
0.50 ± 0.10
2.85 ± 1.97
241.00 ± 59.40
111.33 ± 20.40
289.00 ± 145.66
4.00 ± 0.00
Day 21
65.00 ± 0.00
25.00 ± 0.00
40.00 ± 0.00
0.60 ± 0.00
1.71 ± 0.00
118.00 ± 0.00
80.00 ± 0.00
162.00 ± 0.00
4.00 ± 0.00
Single unrepeated dose of acute toxicity study, n = 6
Day 0
76.50 ± 3.94
26.83 ± 1.17
49.67 ± 4.18
0.55 ± 0.05
1.71 ± 0.00
305.17 ± 70.44
96.00 ± 15.56
285.00 ± 55.95
4.00 ± 0.00
Day 8
78.83 ± 5.19
27.67 ± 1.86
51.17 ± 3.87
0.53 ± 0.05
1.71 ± 0.00
230.17 ± 22.13
98.00 ± 6.63
282.00 ± 71.56
4.00 ± 0.00
Day 15
77.17 ± 2.32
25.83 ± 1.47
51.33 ± 2.16
0.48 ± 0.04
1.71 ± 0.00
319.67 ± 59.71#
110.83 ± 13.93
299.50 ± 68.95
4.00 ± 0.00
Daily dose of acute toxicity study, n = 6
Day 0
71.33 ± 3.50
27.17 ± 1.17
44.17 ± 4.26
0.62 ± 0.08
1.71 ± 0.00
210.00 ± 47.72
79.00 ± 11.26
219.33 ± 43.02
4.00 ± 0.00
Day 8
91.17 ± 14.50
30.67 ± 2.94
60.50 ± 11.91
0.52 ± 0.08
2.00 ± 0.07
241.67 ± 65.09
90.83 ± 25.88
215.33 ± 56.22
4.00 ± 0.00
Day 15
73.67 ± 3.20
28.00 ± 1.67
45.67 ± 3.83
0.62 ± 0.08
1.71 ± 0.00
209.00 ± 43.72
88.00 ± 15.36
222.50 ± 43.26
4.00 ± 0.00
The data are presented as mean ± SD; , significantly different compared to day 0; , significantly different compared to day 8, with a post hoc Bonferroni test.
