Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Omentin-1 and Spexin Levels, Inflammatory Parameters, Lipid Profile, and Anthropometric Indices in Obese and Overweight Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency under Low-Calorie Diet: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial
Table 3
Dietary intakes of study participants throughout the study.
Placebo group1 (n = 29)
Vitamin D group2 (n = 30)
Calorie at study baseline (kcal/d)
3302.7 ± 889.2
3373.2 ± 1501
0.8
Calorie at the end of the trial (kcal/d)
2630.4 ± 964.5
2444.3 ± 1079.6
0.4
Carbohydrate at study baseline (gr/d)
282.2 ± 74.6
299.9 ± 121.7
0.6
Carbohydrate at the end of the trial (gr/d)
235 ± 83.4
243.8 ± 111.5
0.7
Protein at study baseline (gr/d)
89.2 ± 37
84.2 ± 38.1
0.5
Protein at the end of the trial (gr/d)
82 ± 42.3
69.4 ± 37.5
0.6
Fat at study baseline (gr/d)
198.4 ± 93.1
211.3 ± 127.3
0.8
Fat at the end of the trial (gr/d)
143.5 ± 89.7
136.3 ± 78.2
0.8
SAFs at study baseline (gr/d)
36.2 ± 15.2
38 ± 21.1
0.7
SAFs at the end of the trial (gr/d)
29.2 ± 12.6
28 ± 14
0.7
PUFA at study baseline (gr/d)
114.1 ± 59.7
107.2 ± 67.8
0.3
PUFA at the end of the trial (gr/d)
75.7 ± 56.2
70.2 ± 55.5
0.5
MUFA at study baseline (gr/d)
47.7 ± 21.7
63.3 ± 57.5
0.8
MUFA at the end of the trial (gr/d)
39.5 ± 24.8
39.3 ± 28.1
0.6
Vitamin D at study baseline (μg/d)
0.44 ± 1
1.14 ± 1.8
0.5
Vitamin D at the end of the trial (μg/d)
0.33 ± 0.96
1.09 ± 2.3
0.4
Calcium at study baseline (mg/d)
644 ± 411.5
600 ± 376.5
0.6
Calcium at the end of the trial (mg/d)
474.8 ± 343.3
523.8 ± 332.5
0.4
Iron at study baseline (mg/d)
17.5 ± 6
15.37 ± 7
0.1
Iron at the end of the trial (mg/d)
14.4 ± 6.3
12.15 ± 5
0.1
Mg at study baseline (mg/d)
237.7 ± 134.8
22 ± 128.9
0.4
Mg at the end of the trial (mg/d)
195.9 ± 100.2
166 ± 83.9
0.2
Na at study baseline (mg/d)
1721.2 ± 2248.9
1344.9 ± 1341.2
0.8
Na at the end of the trial (mg/d)
1265.3 ± 2003.7
921.6 ± 740.5
0.9
Dietary fiber at study baseline (gr/d)
21.9 ± 16.3
17.7 ± 10.8
0.4
Dietary fiber at the end of the trial (gr/d)
19.1 ± 16.8
14.4 ± 9.4
0.5
SFAs: saturated fatty acids; PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids; MUFAs: monounsaturated fatty acids; Na: sodium; Mg: magnesium. 1Received placebo per day during 8 weeks. 2Received 2,000 IU vitamin D per day during 8 weeks. Significant difference (). Data are presented as means ± SDs. Obtained from independent-sample t-test.
