Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Omentin-1 and Spexin Levels, Inflammatory Parameters, Lipid Profile, and Anthropometric Indices in Obese and Overweight Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency under Low-Calorie Diet: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial

Table 5

Adjusted changes in metabolic variables in patients with overweight and obese that received either vitamin D supplement or placebo.

	Placebo group^1 (n = 29)	Vitamin D group^2 (n = 30)
Serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL)	0.2 ± 0.87	15 ± 0.6	<0.001
Omentin-1 (ng/L)	12.4 ± 0.11	16.5 ± 0.11	0.1
Spexin (pg/mL)	122.3 ± 0.15	184 ± 0.14	0.3
hs-CRP (ng/mL)	−95.13 ± 754.3	−783.96 ± 832.12	0.01
sICAM-1(ng/L)	−209.3 ± 77.6	−316.8 ± 76.3	0.01
FBS (mg/dL)	103.2 ± 2.8	97.8 ± 2.8	0.1
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	5.7 ± 11.9	38.9 ± 11	0.01
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.52 ± 1.6	8.3 ± 1.6	0.01
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	4.9 ± 0.4	−8.4 ± 0.4	0.1
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	−7.4 ± 16.8	−18.5 ± 0.5	0.1
VLDL-C (mg/dL)	2.1 ± 41.2	15.3 ± 0.9	0.01

FBS: fasting blood sugar; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; and VLDL-C: very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. ¹Received placebo per day during 8 weeks. ²Received 2,000 IU vitamin D per day during 8 weeks. Significant difference (). Obtained from ANCOVA test adjusted for baseline values, age, and baseline BMI. Data are presented as means ± SDs.