Different Forms of Ursolic Acid and Their Effect on Liver Regeneration

Table 2

The plasma markers of lipid metabolism and enzyme activity during the study.

	Groups
Analytes	Time	CTRL	bCD	gCD	HAP	MAP	HFgCD	HF-MAP
ALT (µkat/l)	T1	0.9 (0.81–0.98)	1.02 (0.86–1.08)	0.8 (0.69–0.87)	0.78 (0.74–0.86)	0.78 (0.69–0.95)	0.81 (0.73–0.94)	0.91 (0.85–0.98)
	T2	0.89 (0.78–0.99)	1.01 (0.86–1.16)	0.75 (0.62–0.89)	0.81 (0.73–0.91)	0.78 (0.69–0.93)	0.76 (0.702–0.90)	0.94 (0.83–1.05)
	T3	7.03 (5.62–8.15)	4.51 (3.72–5.86)	7.34 (5.60–7.98)	5.12 (3.56–5.92)	4.97 (3.44–5.28)	5.05 (3.59–7.32)	10.54 (9.85–11.24)^a
AST (µkat/l)	T1	1.43 (1.36–1.89)	1.55 (1.50–1.95)	1.37 (1.20–1.74)	1.46 (1.38–1.82)	1.31 (1.25–1.60)	1.48 (1.24–1.79)	1.36 (1.23–1.44)
	T2	1.66 (1.30–1.87)	1.61 (1.31–1.89)	1.45 (1.20–1.73)	1.44 (1.31–1.68)	1.38 (1.24–1.62)	1.50 (1.28–1.78)	1.39 (1.25–1.50)
	T3	7.91 (6.92–10.02)	6.36 (5.45–8.83)	7.85 (4.93–10.62)	9.16 (5.97–11.01)	8.43 (7.12–9.85)	6.75 (5.74–9.38)	12.29 (10.21–13.77)
tCH (mmol/l)	T1	1.46 (1.31–1.58)	1.32 (1.24–1.36)	1.49 (1.34–1.56)	1.42 (1.28–1.58)	1.37 (1.30–1.8)	2.21 (2.01–2.30)^a	2.24 (2.10–2.29)^a
	T2	1.43 (1.25–1.62)	1.34 (1.21–1.39)	1.45 (1.38–1.56)	1.47 (1.37–1.72)	1.54 (1.37–1.72)	1.73 (1.54–1.88)^b	1.42 (1.31–1.49)^b
	T3	0.99 (0.94–1.02)	0.99 (0.93–1.02)	1.01 (0.82–1.14)	0.95 (0.65–1.00)	0.92 (0.90–1.06)	1.86 (1.74–2.00)^a,c	1.04 (1.01–1.16)
TAG (mmol/l)	T1	2.19 (1.86–2.31)	1.59 (1.52–2.02)	1.78 (1.67–2.04)	1.76 (1.62–2.03)	1.71 (1.65–1.88)	3.81 (2.86–4.77)^a	3.73 (3.01–4.56)^a
	T2	2.03 (1.92–2.03)	1.56 (1.42–1.73)^a	1.79 (1.58–1.90)^a	1.73 (1.61–1.91)^a	1.11 (0.90–1.38)^a	2.09 (2.01–2.93)^b	1.92 (1.64–2.51)^b
	T3	0.46 (0.43–0.62)	0.46 (0.42–0.53)	0.49 (0.38–0.68)	0.36 (0.31–0.54)	0.56 (0.44–0.62)	0.79 (0.67–0.91)^c	0.64 (0.57–0.72)^c
BA (µmol/l)	T1	33.53 (22.01–36.22)	18.85 (15.31–28.32)	23.89 (16.73–32.70)	18.29 (15.38–26.38)	15.70 (11.55–23.82)	15.80 (10.67–23.67)	18.56 (15.73–32.51)
	T2	30.19 (23.81–36.95)	17.86 (15.09–29.81)	23.07 (19.21–30.65)	19.85 (15.76–28.49)	16.43 (11.92–27.96)	14.18 (10.96–24.78)	19.71 (13.08–25.50)
	T3	97.04 (85.72–124.73)	111.49 (108.01–156.29)	123.52 (94.19–156.94)	74.05 (57.54–116.35)	40.88 (35.17–42.10)^a	92.78 (74.51–112.01)	39.16 (32.71–45.61)^a

T1: biochemical markers of lipid metabolism before administration of ursolate compounds. T2: biochemical markers of lipid metabolism after administration of ursolate compounds. T3: biochemical markers of lipid metabolism 24 hours after PH. ^a vs CTRL, ^b vs T1 (before administration of ursolate compound), ^c vs CTRL, bCD, gCD, HAP, and MAP). CTRL: control group, bCD: beta-cyclodextrine ursolic acid, gCD: gamma-cyclodextrine ursolic acid, HAP: homogenate apple peel, MAP: micronized apple peel, HFgCD: HF diet and gamma-cyclodextrine ursolic acid (HFgCD), HF-MAP: HF diet and micronized apple peel, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, tCH: total cholesterol, TAG: triglyceride, BA: bile acid, HF diet: high-fat diet.