Effects of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Healthy Volunteers

Table 4

Changes in mood states during the inhalation of essential oil.

Mood states	n	Scores (mean ± SD)
		Distilled water	Essential oil
Total mood disturbance
Total	15	18.33 ± 22.36	−1.53 ± 14.17
Gender
Male	5	9.00 ± 17.29	−0.40 ± 15.82
Female	10	23.00 ± 23.93	−2.10 ± 14.14
Nationality
English-American	8	16.00 ± 14.66	−2.13 ± 13.77
Asian	7	21.00 ± 30.01	−0.86 ± 15.69
Hostility/anger
Total	15	1.80 ± 2.04	0.53 ± 0.83
Gender
Male	5	2.20 ± 2.17	0.60 ± 0.89
Female	10	1.60 ± 2.07	0.50 ± 0.85
Nationality
English-American	8	1.88 ± 1.89	0.50 ± 0.76
Asian	7	1.71 ± 2.36	0.57 ± 0.98
Confusion
Total	15	9.67 ± 5.22	6.00 ± 3.36
Gender
Male	5	6.40 ± 1.95	6.00 ± 4.18
Female	10	11.3 ± 5.64	6.00 ± 3.13
Nationality
English-American	8	8.38 ± 2.92	5.88 ± 3.44
Asian	7	11.14 ± 6.99	6.14 ± 3.53
Depression
Total	15	5.40 ± 5.58	1.87 ± 2.17
Gender
Male	5	4.60 ± 7.54	1.80 ± 2.95
Female	10	5.80 ± 4.76	1.90 ± 1.85
Nationality
English-American	8	5.00 ± 6.12	1.75 ± 2.38
Asian	7	5.86 ± 5.34	2.00 ± 2.08
Fatigue
Total	15	6.60 ± 5.60	3.27 ± 2.43
Gender
Male	5	3.40 ± 3.44	2.60 ± 2.61
Female	10	8.20 ± 5.92	3.60 ± 2.41
Nationality
English-American	8	6.38 ± 3.89	3.38 ± 2.00
Asian	7	6.86 ± 7.45	3.14 ± 3.02
Tension
Total	15	8.47 ± 6.69	2.80 ± 2.54
Gender
Male	5	7.20 ± 5.12	3.00 ± 3.16
Female	10	9.10 ± 7.52	2.70 ± 2.36
Nationality
English-American	8	8.00 ± 4.07	2.13 ± 2.64
Asian	7	9.00 ± 9.18	3.57 ± 2.37
Vigor
Total	15	13.60 ± 6.19	13.87 ± 7.74
Gender
Male	5	14.80 ± 4.32	14.40 ± 7.30
Female	10	13.00 ± 7.07	13.60 ± 8.32
Nationality
English-American	8	13.63 ± 6.37	15.75 ± 7.81
Asian	7	13.57 ± 6.48	11.71 ± 7.63