Effects of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Healthy Volunteers

Table 7

Change in mean salivary cortisol in volunteers.

Group	Baseline (ng/ml)	Distilled water inhalation (ng/ml)		Essential oil inhalation (ng/ml)
		Mean ± SD	Mean change from baseline ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean change from baseline ± SD
Total	1.49 ± 0.73	1.04 ± 0.50	−0.45 ± 0.50	0.79 ± 0.35	−0.70 ± 0.13
Gender
Male	1.20 ± 0.88	0.91 ± 0.62	−0.29 ± 0.35	0.70 ± 0.53	−0.51 ± 0.66
Female	1.63 ± 0.65	1.10 ± 0.46	−0.53 ± 0.56	0.83 ± 0.25	−0.80 ± 0.51
Nationality
English-American	1.43 ± 0.68	0.88 ± 0.49	−0.55 ± 0.32	0.72 ± 0.38	−0.71 ± 0.35
Asian	1.55 ± 0.85	1.23 ± 0.48	−0.33 ± 0.66	0.86 ± 0.33	−0.69 ± 0.76