| | Plant family | Botanical name | Local name | Part(s) used | Habit | Preparation mode | Reference(s) |
| | Acanthaceae | Justicia betonica L. | Shikuduli | Aerial parts | Herb | Decoction | [34, 35] |
| | Alliaceae | Allium sativum L. | Kitungu saumu (Luo) | Roots | Herb | Crushed, chewed | [36] |
| | Aloeaceae | Aloe barbadensis Mill. (vera) | Oldopai (Maasai) | Leaves | Herb | Not specified | [37] | | Aloe kedongensis Reynolds | Osukuroi (Maasai) | Leaves, roots | Herb | Infusion | [3, 38–40] | | Aloe elgonica Bullock | Not reported | Leaves, roots | Herb | Decoction | [41] | | Aloe lateritia Engl. | Kiiruma (Kikuyu) | Leaves, root | Herb | Decoction | [3, 42] | | Aloe volkensii Engl. | Osukuroi (Maasai) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [22] | | Caesalpinia volkensii Harms | Mujuthi (Kikuyu) | Leaves | Liana | Decoction | [3, 11, 43, 44] |
| | Amaranthaceae | Achyranthes aspera L. | Uthekethe (Kamba) | Whole plant | Herb | Not specified | [23, 45] | | Amaranthus hybridus L. | Mchicha (Swahili) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [17, 46] | | Celosia schweinfurthiana Schinz. | Not reported | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [47] | | Cyathula schimperiana non Moq | Namgwet | Leaves, roots | Herb | Decoction | [38, 40] | | Cyathula cylindrica Moq | Ng’atumyat | Roots | Herb | Decoction | [38, 40] | | Sericocomopsis hildebrandtii Schinz. | Oloituruj-ilpeles (Maasai) | Roots | Shrub | Decoction | [22, 48] |
| | Anacardiaceae | Heeria insignis Del. | Mwamadzi (Swahili) | Bark, stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [17, 46] | | Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. | Mnyumbu | Bark, leaves | Shrub | Not specified | [49, 50] | | Ozoroa insignis Delile | Not reported | Not reported | Shrub | Not specified | [42] | | Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss | Muthigiu (Kikuyu) | Root, stem, fruits, root bark | Tree | Decoction | [3, 42, 49–51] | | Rhus vulgaris Meikle | Sungula | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [3, 42] | | Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rixh.) Hochst | Oloisuki (Maasai) | Bark | Tree | Not specified | [49] | | | Searsia natalensis (Bernh. ex C. Krauss) | Olmisigiyioi (Maasai) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [34] |
| | Annonaceae | Uvaria acuminata Oliv. | Mukukuma (Kamba) | Roots | Shrub | Not specified | [50] | | | Uvaria scheffleri Diels | Not reported | Leaves | Liana | Decoction | [17] | | Apiaceae | Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. | Not reported | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [17] |
| | Apocynaceae | Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl. | Olamuriaki (Maasai), Mukawa (Kikuyu) | Root, root bark | Shrub | Decoction, inhale steam | [3, 17, 34, 38, 40, 47, 48, 52, 53] | | Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don | Olubinu | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [47] | | Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W. T. Aiton | Kosirich | Root | Herb | Not specified | [54] | | Laudolphia buchananii (Hall.f) Stapf | Mhonga (Swahili) | Leaves | Liana | Decoction | [17, 46] | | Mondia whitei | Ogombo (Luo) | Roots | Herb | Chewed | [42] | | Rauwolfia cothen | Not reported | Root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17] | | Saba comorensis (Bojer ex A.D.C) Pichon | Abuno (Luo) | Not specified | Herb | Not reported | [42] |
| | Asclepiadaceae | Curroria volubilis (Schltr.) Bullock | Simatwet | Bark | Liana | Decoction | [38, 40] | | Periploca linearifolia Dill. & A. Rich. | Muimbathunu (Kikuyu) | Bark | Liana | Decoction | [3, 44] |
| | Asteraceae | Achyrothalamus marginatus O. Hoffm. | Not reported | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [55] | | Acmella caulirhiza Del. | Shituti | Aerial parts | Shrub | Decoction | [34, 56] | | Ageratum conyzoides L. | Not reported | Whole plant | Herb | Decoction | [56, 57] | | Artemisia afra Jacq | Not reported | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [41] | | Artemisia annua L. | Not reported | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [42] | | Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. | Rirangera | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [35] | | Bidens pilosa L. | Nyanyiek mon (Luo) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [11, 37] | | | Ethulia scheffleri S. Moore | Not reported | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [58] | | | Gutenbergia cordifolia Benth. | Olmiakaru-kewon (Maasai) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [48] | | | Kleinia squarrosa | Mungendya (Kamba) | Leaves | Shrub | Infusion | [55] | | | Launaea cornuta (Oliv and Hiern) C. Jeffrey | Uthunga (Kamba) | Leaves | Liana | Infusion/decoction | [17, 46, 55] | | | Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) O. Kuntze | Nyabung-Odide (Luo) | Root, leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [34, 37, 38] | | | Psiadia arabica Jaub. & Pach | Nyabende winy (Luo) | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [42] | | | Psiadia punctulata (D.C.) Vatke | Olobai (Maasai) | Roots | Herb | Not specified | [48] | | | Sonchus schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern | Egesemi (Kuria) | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [37] | | | Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell | Gakuinini (Kikuyu) | Whole plant | Herb | Infusion | [3, 23, 42, 44] | | | Senecio syringitolia O. Hoffman | Reisa (Digo) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Solanecio mannii (Hook. f) C. Jeffrey | Maroo, marowo (Luo), Livokho | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [23] | | | Sonchus luxurians (R.E. Fries) C. Jeffrey | Kimogit (Nandi) | Roots | Herb | Decoction | [38] | | | Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forsk.) DC | Njogu-ya-iria | Whole plant | Herb | Infusion, rubbed on the body | [44, 52] | | | Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray | Maua madongo (Luo) | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 34, 42] | | | Tridax procumbens L. | Not reported | Whole plant | Herb | Infusion | [17] | | | Vernonia amygdalina Del. | Musulilitsa | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 34, 42] | | | Vernonia auriculifera (Welw.) Hiern | Muthakwa | Leaves, roots, bark | Shrub | Infusion, decoction | [35, 37, 38, 41, 44] | | | Vernonia brachycalyx O. Hoffm. Schreber | Irisabakw (Kuria) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [37, 44, 58] | | | Vernonia brachycalyx O. Hoffm. Lasiopa Lam. | Olusia (Luo) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [37] | | | Vernonia lasiopus O. Hoffm. | Shiroho, Mwatha | Leaves, root bark | Shrub | Infusion | [23, 35, 44] |
| | Bignoniaceae | Kigelia africana (Lamk.) Benth. | Omurabe, Morabe | Leaves, bark, fruits | Tree | Decoction | [44, 58, 59] | | | Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K. Schum. | Lusiola, Shisimbali | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [34, 47] | | | Markhamia platycalyx Sprague | Siala (Luo) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [42] | | | Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. | Muthulio, Mutsuria | Leaves | Tree | Decoction | [34] |
| | Boraginaceae | Ehretia cymosa Thonn | Mororwet | Leaves, roots | Shrub | Infusion | [38, 40] |
| | Burseraceae | Commiphora eminii Engl | Mukungugu (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [3] | | | Commiphora schimperi (Berg) Engl. | Osilalei (Maasai), Dzongodzongo (Swahili) | Inner bark, roots, stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [17, 46, 48] |
| | Canellaceae | Warburgia salutaris (Bertol.F.) Chiov. | Osokonoi (Maasai) | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [22, 37, 45] | | | Warburgia stuhlmannii Engl. | Not reported | Stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [17] | | | Warburgia ugandensis Sprague subsp ugandensis | Muthiga (Kikuyu) | Stem bark, fruits, leaves | Tree | Decoction | [3, 11, 22, 34, 43, 51, 54] |
| | Capparaceae | Boscia angustifolia A. Rich. | Oloiroroi (Maasai) | Inner bark fibres, stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [42, 44, 48, 52] | | | Boscia salicifolia Oliv. | Mwenzenze (Kamba) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [49] | | | Cadaba farinosa Forssk | Akado marateng (Luo) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [42] | | Capparidaceae | Cleome gynandra L. | Isakiat | Leaves, roots | Herb | Decoction | [40] | | Cariaceae | Carica papaya L. | Poipoi, Apoi (Luo) | Leaves, roots, sap | Shrub | Infusion, decoction | [36] |
| | Celastraceae | Maytenus arbutifolia (A. Rich.) Wilczek | Muraga | Root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [44] | | | Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N. Robson | Muraga | Root, root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [41, 44] | | | Maytenus putterlickioides (Loes.) Excell & Mendonca | Muthuthi | Root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [44] | | | Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell | Muthuthi (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [3, 47] | | | Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock | Muthithioi | Root bark, leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [44] |
| | Cleomaceae | Cleome gynandra L. | Isakiat | Leaves roots | Herb | Decoction | [38] |
| | Combretaceae | Combretum illairii Engl. | Mshinda arume | Leaves, root bark | Tree | Decoction | [50] | | | Combretum molle G. Don | Muama, Kiama (Kamba) | Bark, leaves | Tree | Decoction | [17, 45] | | | Combretum padoides Engl. & Diels | Mshinda arume | Leaves, roots | Tree | Decoction | [17, 46, 50, 60] | | | Terminalia brownii Fresen. | Muuku (Kamba) | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [55] | | | Terminalia spinosa Engl. | Not reported | Bark, stem bark | Tree | Decoction, infusion | [17, 61] |
| | Commelinaceae | Aneilema spekei (C. B. Clarke) | Enkaiteteyiai (Maasai) | Whole plant | Liana | Decoction | [22] | | | Commelina forskaolii Vah | Not reported | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [47] |
| | Crassulaceae | Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forsk.) Pers. | Mahuithia (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [3] |
| | Cucurbitaceae | Cucumis aculeatus Cogn. | Gakungui (Kikuyu) | Leaves | Climber | Decoction | [3, 34, 42, 62] | | | Cucumis prophetarum L. | Chepsawoy (Kipsigis) | Root tuber | Herb | Decoction | [39] | | | Gerranthus lobatus (Cogn.) Jeffrey | Mgore manga (Digo) | Leaves, roots | Herb | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Momordica foetida Schumach | Cheptenderet (Kipsigis) | Leaves, roots | Liana | Decoction, roasting | [17, 38, 41] | | | Momordica friesiorum Hams C. Jeffrey | Libobola | Root tuber | Herb | Decoction | [54] | | | Zehneria minutiflora (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey | Manereriat (Kimanererit) | Leaves, roots | Liana | Decoction | [38] |
| | Cyperaceae | Cyperus articulatus L. | Ndago | Tuber | Herb | Infusion | [44] |
| | Ebenaceae | Euclea divinorum Hiern | Uswet (Markweta) | Root bark | Tree | Decoction, use for brushing teeth | [38, 47] | | | Diospyros abyssinica (Hiern) F. White subsp. abyssinica | Lusui | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [41, 59] | | | Diospyros scabra | Not reported | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [61] |
| | Euphorbiaceae | Bridelia micrantha Baill. (Hochst). | Mdungu (Digo) | Leaves, bark, stem bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach | Muthima mburi (Kikuyu) | Leaves, root, root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 38, 44] | | | Croton dichogamus Pax. | Oloiborrbenek (Maasai) | Whole plant | Shrub | Decoction | [22, 38] | | | Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Del. | Mukinduri (Kikuyu) | Leaves, root, bark | Tree | Decoction | [34, 38, 56] | | | Croton megalocarpoides Friis & M.G. Gilbert | Ormegweit (Maasai) | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [22] | | | Croton megalocarpus Del. | Not reported | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [3] | | | Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. | Ogota Kwembeba | Whole plant | Shrub | Decoction | [35] | | | Euphorbia meridionalis Bally & S. Carter | Enkokuruoi (Maasai) | Stem | Climber | Not specified | [22] | | | Euphorbia tirucalli L. | Kariria (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [3] | | | Flueggea virosa (Willd.) Voigt | Mukwamba | Root bark | Tree | Decoction | [50] | | | Flueggea virosa (Roxb.ex Willd.) Royle | Mkwamba, mteja (Swahili) | Aerial parts, root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 34] | | | Neoboutonia macrocalyx Pax | Mutuntuki | Leaves, stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [44, 53] | | | Phyllanthus sepialis Müll. Arg. | Not reported | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [34] | | | Ricinus communis L. | Kivaiki (Kamba) | Root, seeds, leaves | Shrub | Decoction, topical | [17, 38, 46] | | | Sapium ellipticum | Achak (Luo) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [42] | | | Suregada zanzibariensis Baill | Not reported | Root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17] |
| | Fabaceae | Abrus precatorius L. ssp africanus Verdc | Ndirakalu | Leaves | Herb | Not specified | [42, 50] | | | Acacia hockii De Wild. | Eluai (Maasai) | Root bark | Tree | Decoction | [48] | | | Acacia mellifera (M.Vahl) Benth. | Oiti (Maasai), Muthiia (Kamba) | Stem bark, root, pith | Tree | Decoction | [11, 22, 48, 52, 63] | | | Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd.ex Delile | Olkirorit, Ol-rai (Masaai) | Bark, root | Tree | Decoction | [22, 37, 53, 64] | | | Acacia oerfota (Forssk.) Schweinf. | Not reported | Root | Tree | Not reported | [63] | | | Acacia seyal Delile | Mgunga (Digo) | Root | Tree | Decoction | [17] | | | Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne | Oltepesi (Maasai) | Sap, roots | Tree | Taken directly, decoction | [22, 48] | | | Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. | Mwiradathi | Stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [44] | | | Albizia anthelmintica Brongn. | Kyoa (Kamba) | Root, bark | Tree | Decoction | [17, 22, 63] | | | Albizia coriaria Welw ex Oliver | Omubeli | Multiple parts | Tree | Decoction | [42, 47, 57, 65] | | | Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel.) | Seet (Nandi) | Root, stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [23, 34, 38, 42, 44, 66] | | | Albizia zygia (DC) J.F. Macbr. | Ekegonchori (Kuria) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [37] | | | Cassia didymobotrya Fres. | Irebeni (Kuria), Murao | Leaves, roots, root bark | Shrub | Infusion, decoction | [37, 38, 40, 44] | | | Cassia occidentalis L. | Mnuka uvundo (Swahili) | Leaves, roots | Herb | Decoction | [11, 17, 46] | | | Dichrostachys cinereal L. | Chinjiri (Digo) | roots | Tree | Decoction | [17] | | | Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC. | Omutembe (Kuria), Muhuti (Kikuyu) | Root, bark | Tree | Decoction | [3, 23, 34, 37, 38, 42] | | | Indigofera arrecta A. Rich | Not reported | Roots | Herb | Decoction, chew directly | [41] | | | Mucuna gigantea | Ogombo (Luo) | Not specified | Liana | Not specified | [42] | | | Senna didymobotrya (Fresen) Irwin & Barneby | Osenetoi (Maasai) | Roots, leaves, bark, stem | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 23, 34, 41, 42, 67] | | | Senna occidentalis (L.) Link | Imbindi | Roots | Shrub | Decoction | [34, 47] | | | Tamarindus indica L. | Muthumula (Kamba), Mkwadzu (Swahili) | Bark, fruits, roots, leaves | Tree | Decoction, fruit eaten | [17, 46, 47, 54] | | | Tylosema fassoglense | Not reported | Tuber | Climber | Not specified | [56] |
| | Hydnoraceae | Hydnora abyssinica Schweinf. | Muthigira (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [3] |
| | Hypericaceae | Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. | Musila | Stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [17, 34, 42] |
| | Icacinaceae | Pyrenacantha malvifolia Engl. | Empalua (Maasai) | Roots | Climber | Not specified | [22] |
| | Lamiaceae | Ajuga integrifolia Buch. Ham. | Imbuli yumtakha | Aerial parts | Herb | Decoction | [34] | | | Ajuga remota Benth. | Wanjiru (Kikuyu) | Leaves, roots, whole plant | Herb | Decoction | [3, 11, 23, 38, 44, 68, 69] | | | Clerodendrum johnstonii Oliv | Singoruet (Nandi) | Leaves | Shrub | Infusion | [34, 38] | | | Fuerstia africana T.C.E.Fr. | Kwa matsai, aremo (Luo) | Aerial parts, leaves, whole plant | Herb | Decoction, infusion | [34, 38, 44, 48, 65] | | | Hoslundia opposita Vahl. | Cheroronit, Cherungut (Nandi) | Leaves, whole plant | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 38, 46, 50] | | | Leucas calostachys Oliv | Bware (Luo), Lumetsani | Leaves, roots, aerial parts | Shrub | Decoction | [34, 37, 38] | | | Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) Ait.f. | Chepkari (Nandi) | Flowers | Herb | Infusion | [38] | | | Leonotis mollissima Guerke | Nyanyondhi (Luo), Orbibi (Maasai) | Leaves, roots | Shrub | Decoction | [23, 37, 38] | | | Leonotis nepetifolia (R. Br) Ait.f. | Kipchuchuniet (Kipsigis) | Not specified | Shrub | Decoction | [47, 70] | | | Ocimum basilicum L. | Sisiyat (Nandi) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [23, 46] | | | Ocimum balansae Briq. | Not reported | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [17] | | | Ocimum gratissimum L. Suave wiild, O. tomentosum Oliv. | Mukandu (Kamba) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [17, 23] | | | Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke | Mutaa (Kamba) | Aerial parts | Herb | Inhale steam | [3, 34, 56] | | | Ocimum lamiifolium Benth | Not reported | Roots | Shrub | Decoction | [38] | | | Ocimum suave Willd | Murihani (Giriama) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [17, 46, 71] | | | Plectranthus barbatus Andrews | Kan’gurwet (Markweta) | Leaves | Shrub | Infusion, decoction | [17, 34, 42, 46, 56, 58] | | | Plectranthus sylvestris Gurke | Not reported | Leaves | Herb | Not specified | [58] | | | Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane and Mabb (Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke) | Olmakutukut (Maasai), Munjuga iria (Kikuyu) | Roots, leaves, root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 34, 38, 42, 44, 48, 67] |
| | Lauraceae | Ocotea usambarensis Engl. | Muthaiti (Kikuyu) | Root bark | Tree | Infusion | [3, 44] |
| | Loganiaceae | Strychnos henningsii Gilg | Muteta (Kamba, Kikuyu) | Roots, leaves, stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [3, 11, 44, 47, 55, 67] |
| | Malvaceae | Adansonia digitata L. | Mbamburi (Swahili) | Leaves | Tree | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Azanza gackeana (F. Hoffm.) Excell & Hillcoat | Mutoo (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [3] | | | Grewia bicolor Juss | Esiteti (Maasai) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [47] | | | Grewia hainesiana Hole | Not reported | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [17] | | | Grewia hexamita Burret | Mkone (Digo) | Roots, leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [46] | | | Grewia plagiophylla K. Schum | Mkone (Digo) | Bark, leaves | | Not specified | [50] | | | Grewia trichocarpa (Hochst) ex A. Rich. | Cone (Digo) | Roots | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 41, 46] | | | Pavonia kilimandscharica Gurke | Chemanjililiet, Chepsabuni (Nandi) | Roots | Herb | Decoction | [38] | | | Sida cordifolia L. | Menjeiwet (Nandi) | Leaves | Shrub | Infusion | [38] | | Meliaceae | Azadirachta indica A. Juss | Muarubaini (Kamba) | Leaves, roots, bark | Tree | Decoction, inhalation, topical | [3, 11, 17, 36, 43, 50, 54, 55, 72] | | | Azadirachta indica (L) Burm. | Mkilifi (Digo) | Leaves, roots, root bark | Tree | Decoction | [46, 73] | | | Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. | Olperre-longo (Maasai) | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [3, 48] | | | Melia azedarach L. | Mwarubaine | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [47] | | | Melia volkensii L. | Mukau (Kamba) | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [55] | | | Melia azedarach L. | Mwarubaini (Nandi) | Leaves, bark | Tree | Decoction | [34, 38, 42] | | | Trichilia emetica Vahl. | Munyama | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [34, 72] | | | Turraea mombassana C. DC | Onchani Orok (Maasai) | Leaves, root, fruits | Shrub | Decoction | [67] | | | Turraea robusta | Not reported | Root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [49] |
| | Melianthaceae | Bersama abyssinica Fres. | Kibuimetiet (Nandi) | Root bark, bark, seeds | Tree | Decoction | [38, 41] |
| | Menispermaceae | Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich. | Mukoye | Root | Climber | Root chewed | [17, 34, 74, 75] | | | Cissampelos pareira L. | Karigi munana | Root, root bark | Liana | Decoction | [39] |
| | Moraceae | Ficus bussei Warb ex Mildbr and Burret | Mgandi (Digo) | Roots, leaves | Tree | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Ficus cordata Thunb | Oladardar (Maasai) | Branches, roots, stem | Tree | Decoction | [67] | | | Ficus sur. Forssk | Omora | Stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [35] | | | Ficus thonningii Blume | Mutoto | Stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [34] |
| | Myricaceae | Myrica salicifolia A. Rich. | Murima | Root bark | Tree | Decoction | [44] |
| | Myrsinaceae | Embelia schimperi Vatke | Kibong'ong'inik (Nandi) | Seeds | Tree | Decoction | [38] | | | Maesa lanceolata Forssk | Katera (Luo), Kibabustanyiet (Nandi) | Roots, fruits, seeds, bark | Shrub | Decoction | [22, 34, 38, 76] |
| | Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus globulus Labil. | Mubau (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [3] | | | Psidium guajava L. | Mapera (Luo) | Leaves, fruits | Tree | Decoction | [36] |
| | Oleaceae | Jasminum floribunda R.Br. | Not reported | Root | Herb | Decoction | [41] | | | Jasminum fluminense Vell. | Kipkoburo | Bark, stem, root tuber | Vine | Not specified | [77] | | | Olea capensis L. | Mutukhuyu, Mucharage | Stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [41, 44] | | | Olea europaea L. | Oloirien (Maasai) | Inner/stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [3, 22, 44, 45, 48] | | | Ximenia americana L. | Olamai (Maasai) | Leaves | Tree | Decoction | [47] |
| | Onagraceae | Ludwigia erecta (L.) Hara | Mungei | Whole plant | Herb | Infusion, decoction | [44, 52] |
| | Opiliaceae | Opilia campestris Engl. | Enkirashai (Maasai) | Roots | Shrub | Decoction | [22] |
| | Oxalidaceae | Oxalis corniculata L. | Nyonyoek (Nandi) | Whole plant | Herb | Decoction | [38] |
| | Papilionaceae | Cajanus cajan Millsp. | Mucugu (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [3] | | | Dalbergia lactea Vatke | Mwaritha (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [3] | | | Ormocarpum trachycarpum (Taub.) Harms | Muthingii (Kamba) | Bark, leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [52, 58] | | | Rhynchosia hirta (Andrews) Meikle & Verdc. | Tilyamook (Nandi) | Roots | Liana | Decoction | [38] | | | Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston | Kalaa (Kamba) | Leaves, whole plant | Herb | Infusion | [55] |
| | Passifloraceae | Passiflora ligularis A. Juss. | Hondo (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [3] |
| | Piperaceae | Piper capense L.f. | Olerrubaat (Maasai) | Roots | Herb | Decoction | [48] |
| | Pittosporaceae | Pittosporum lanatum Hutch. & Bruce | Munyamati (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [3] | | | Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims | Munati | Stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [34, 44, 52] |
| | Poaceae | Pennisetum hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud | Olmakutian (Maasai) | Bark, branches, roots | Grass | Decoction | [67] | | | Rottboellia exaltata L.f. | Mpunga (Digo) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Sporobolus stapfianus | Not reported | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [45] |
| | Podocarpaceae | Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb. | Enchani-enkashi (Maasai) | Roots | Tree | Decoction | [48] |
| | Polygonaceae | Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. | Shikachi | Leaves | Herb | Decoction | [34] | | | Rumex steudelii Hochst ex A. Rich | Alukhava | Roots | Herb | Decoction | [34] |
| | Polygalaceae | Securidaca longifolia Poepp. | Not reported | Roots | Tree | Decoction | [17] | | | Securidaca longipedunculata Fres. | Mzigi (Digo) | Roots, bark, leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [46] |
| | Primulaceae | Myrsine africana L. | Oseketeki (Maasai) | Seeds, fruits, roots, multiple parts | Shrub | Decoction | [54, 67] |
| | Rahmnaceae | Rhamnus prinoides L.’Herit | Orkonyil (Maasai) | Roots, root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 11, 35, 38, 44, 48, 69, 78] | | | Rhamnus staddo A. Rich | Orkokola (Maasai), Ngukura (Kikuyu) | Root bark, stem bark | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 11, 35, 44, 48, 69] | | | Scutia myrtina (Burm. f.) Kurz | Osanankoruri (Maasai) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [3] |
| | Ranunculaceae | Clematis brachiata Thunb. | Olkisusheeit (Maasai) | Roots, root bark | Liana | Decoction | [44, 48] |
| | Rhizophoraceae | Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston | Muthathi (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [3] |
| | Rosaceae | Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman | Orkujuk (Maasai), Muiri (Kikuyu) | Bark, root, stem, stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [3, 38, 44, 79, 80] | | | Rubus pinnatus Wild. | Butunduli | Leaves, bark, fruits | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 34] |
| | Rubiaceae | Aganthesanthemum bojeri Klotzsch. | Kahithima | Whole plant | Herb | Not specified | [50] | | | Agathisanthenum globosum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Bremek. | Chivuma nyuchi (Digo) | Roots | Herb | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Canthium glaucum Hiern. | Mhonga/Mronga (Digo) | Fruits | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Gardenia ternifolia subsp. Jovistonatis | Kibulwa | Fruits | Shrub | Decoction | [54] | | | Keetia gueinzii (Sond.) Bridson | Mugukuma (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [3] | | | Pentanisia ouranogyne S. Moore | Chungu (Digo) | Roots | Herb | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Pentas bussei K. Krause | Not reported | Root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17] | | | Pentas longiflora Oliv. | Muhuha (Kikuyu), Cheroriet (Nandi) | Bark, fruits, leaves, roots | Shrub | Decoction, rub on skin | [3, 17, 38, 41, 61] | | | Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers | Olkilaki-olkerr (Maasai) | Root bark | Herb | Decoction | [48] | | | Rubia cordifolia L. | Urumurwa (Kuria) | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [37] | | | Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum.) Verdc. | Omonhabiebo | Whole plant | Herb | Decoction | [35] | | | Vangueria madagascariensis
Gmel (Vangueria acutiloba Robyns) | Mubiru | Stem bark | Shrub | Decoction | [44] | | | Vangueria volkensii K.Schum. | Kimoluet (Nandi) | Roots | Shrub | Decoction | [38, 47] |
| | Rutaceae | Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle | Mutimu (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [3] | | | Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. | Ndim (Luo) | Fruits, leaves | Tree | Eaten, decoction | [36] | | | Clausena anisata (Willd) Hook. f. ex Benth. | Mtondombare (Digo), Mukibia | Leaves, roots, bark, root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 34, 41, 44, 46] | | | Fagaropsis angolensis (Eng.) H.M. Gardner | Murumu, mukuriampungu | Leaves, roots, stem bark | Tree | Decoction | [3, 23, 38, 44, 53] | | | Fagaropsis angolensis (Eng.) Dale | Mukaragati (Kikuyu) | Leaves, roots | Tree | Decoction | [3, 17, 46] | | | Fagaropsis hildebrandtii (Engl.) Milne-Redh. | Muvindavindi (Kamba) | Leaves | Tree | Decoction | [3, 81] | | | Harrisonia abyssinica Olive | Osiro (Luo), Orongoriwe (Kuria) | Leaves, roots, root bark | Tree | Decoction | [17, 23, 37, 44, 46, 47, 54, 82, 83] | | | Teclea nobilis | Not reported | Stem bark | Shrub | Decoction | [11, 45] | | | Teclea simplicifolia (Engl.) Verdoorn | Mutuiu (Kamba), Munderendu (Kikuyu) | Leaves, roots, stem bark | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 17, 44, 46, 55] | | | Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam | Mururue (Kikuyu), Oleparmunyo (Maasai) | Roots, root bark, leaves, fruits (multiple parts) | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 11, 17, 44, 45, 47, 58, 59, 62, 67, 84] | | | Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. | Oloisuki (Maasai) | Stem bark, root bark | Tree | Decoction | [3, 17, 44, 46, 55, 61, 71, 85] | | | Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G. Waterman | Shihumba/Shikuma | Bark | Tree | Decoction | [34, 86] | | | Zanthoxylum usambarense (Engl.) Kokwaro | Oloisuki (Maasai) | Root, fruits, bark, leaves, stem | Tree | Decoction | [3, 11, 67, 78, 85] |
| | Salicaceae | Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb | Kaiyaba (Kikuyu) | Leaves, roots | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 38] | | | Dovyalis caffra (Hook. f. & Harv.) Warb | Mukambura (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [3] | | | Flacourtia indica (Burm.f) Merr. | Mtondombare (Digo) | Roots, bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 46] | | | Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb | Oledat (Maasai) | Roots | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 38, 47] |
| | Salvadoraceae | Salvadora persica L. | Mukayau (Kamba) | Root, stem | Shrub | Decoction; prepared with salt and milk | [22, 51, 63] |
| | Santalaceae | Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steudel | Olosesiai (Maasai), muthithii (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [3] |
| | Sapindaceae | Allophylus pervillei Blume. | Mvundza kondo | Leaves, roots, bark | Shrub | Decoction | [50] | | | Cardiospermum corundum | Not reported | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [23] | | | Pappea capensis (Spreng) Eckl. & Zeyh. | Muba (Kikuyu), Enkorr irri (Maasai) | Branches | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 48] |
| | Sapotaceae | Manilkara butegi | Anon | Bark | Shrub | Decoction | [54] | | | Mimusops bagshawei S. Moore | Lolwet (Nandi) | Leaves, bark | Tree | Decoction | [38] |
| | Solanaceae | Physalis peruviana L. | Mayengo | Leaves | Shrub | Inhale steam | [34] | | | Solanum aculeastrum Dunal | Mutura (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Shrub | Not specified | [3] | | | Solanum incanum L. | Mutongu (Kamba), Entulelei (Maasai) | Roots, leaves, root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [17, 34, 37, 44, 46, 87] | | | Solanum taitense Vatke | Entemelua (Maasai) | Roots | Shrub | Chewed directly | [22] | | | Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal | Murumbae (Kikuyu) | Root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 44] |
| | Ulmaceae | Chaetacme aristate Planch | Not reported | Roots | Shrub | Decoction | [41] |
| | Urticaceae | Urtica massaica Mildbr. | Thabai (Kikuyu) | Aerial parts | Herb | Decoction | [3, 35] |
| | Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum eriophyllum Guerke | Muumba | Root bark | Shrub | Decoction | [44, 52] | | | Lantana camara L. | Ruithiki, Mukenia (Kikuyu) | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 73] | | | Lantana trifolia L. | Ormokongora (Maasai) | Leaves | Shrub | Decoction | [34, 72] | | | Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng | Angware-Rao (Luo) | Roots | Herb | Not specified | [37, 58] | | | Premna chrysoclada (Bojer) Gürke | Mvuma | Roots, leaves | Herb | Not specified | [50] |
| | Vitaceae | Cissus quinquangularis L. | Not reported | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [45] | | | Cyphostemma maranguense (Gilg) Desc. | Mutambi (Kikuyu) | Not specified | Herb | Not specified | [3] | | | Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & Drum | Ndurutua (Kikuyu) | Bark, roots | Shrub | Decoction | [3, 34, 38, 62] |
| | Xanthorrhoeaceae | Aloe deserti A. Berger | Ngolonje (Digo) | Leaves | Herb | Decoction, infusion | [17, 46] | | | Aloe macrosiphon Bak. | Golonje (Giriama) | Leaves | Herb | Infusion | [46] | | | Aloe secundiflora Engl. | Osukuroi (Maasai), Kiluma (Kamba) | Leaves, leaf sap (exudate) | Herb | Infusion, decoction | [11, 17, 34, 43, 44, 46, 58, 78, 88, 89] | | | Aloe vera (L) Webb. | Alvera (Digo) | Leaves | Herb | Infusion | [17, 46] | | | Rhoicissus revoilli | Rabongo (Luo) | | | | |
| | Zingiberaceae | Zingiber officinale | Tangawizi (Luo) | Roots | Herb | Chewed | [36] |
| | Zygophyllaceae | Balanites glabrus Mildbr. & Schltr. | Orng’osua (Maasai) | Not specified | Tree | Not specified | [22] | | | Balanites glabra Mildbr. & Schltr. | Olng’osua (Maasai) | Bark | Shrub | Decoction | [22] | | | Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. | Olngosua (Maasai) | Bark | Shrub | Decoction | [48] |
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