Characteristic of Clinical Studies on Baduanjin during 2000–2019: A Comprehensive Review

Table 3

Top 10 diseases/conditions included in clinical studies on Baduanjin.

Disease/Condition	Study design (number of studies)					Total (%)
	SR	RCT	CCS	CS	CR
Diabetes	6	79	6	6	0	97 (12.0)
COPD	4	54	3	0	0	61 (7.5)
Hypertension	6	35	5	2	0	48 (5.9)
Low back pain	2	38	2	0	0	42 (5.2)
Neck pain	1	34	1	1	0	37 (4.6)
Stroke	3	28	1	1	0	33 (4.1)
Coronary heart disease	3	18	2	1	0	24 (3.0)
Cognitive impairment	3	17	0	0	0	20 (2.5)
Insomnia	1	14	0	2	0	17 (2.1)
Osteoporosis or osteopenia	1	14	0	0	0	15 (1.9)

SR, systematic review; RCT, randomized clinical trial; CCS, nonrandomized controlled clinical studies (quasirandomized clinical trial or observational studies such as cohort or case-control studies); CS, case series; CR, case report; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Some systematic reviews involved more than one type of diseases or conditions.