| | Type | Study | Year | Group | Age | Sex | Efficacy evaluation | Adverse reactions | Quality score | | T/C | T (M/F) | C (M/F) |
| | Common pneumonia | Chen | 2020 | R | 5.45 ± 0.55/5.37 ± 0.38 | 52 (26/26) | 52 (23/29) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale | Gastrointestinal reaction, back pain, cry and scream, headache | 4 | | | Chen | 2020 | I | 7.81 ± 1.64/7.77 ± 1.53 | 79 (45/37) | 78 (42/36) | Curative effect, fever, cough | Diarrhoea, tachycardia, facial redness, headache, rash | 2 | | Feng | 2020 | R | 44.5 ± 10.7/43.6 ± 10.1 | 37 (19/18) | 37 (20/17) | Curative effect, healing period | Not reported | 4 | | Wang | 2019 | R | 5.55 ± 1.68/5.28 ± 1.53 | 80 (44/36) | 80 (42/38) | Curative effect | Not reported | 4 | | Lin | 2019 | R | 7.33 ± 2.42/4.34 ± 1.41 | 53 (30/23) | 50 (28/25) | Curative effect, fever, cough, sputum, pulmonary rale, healing period | Not reported | 4 | | Sun | 2019 | I | 51.06 ± 5.92/50.17 ± 5.68 | 41 (28/13) | 41 (27/14) | Curative effect, cough, fever, pulmonary rale | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea | 2 | | Xia | 2019 | H | 19.5 ± 2.1 | 55 | 55 | Curative effect, cough, fever, Healing period, pulmonary rale | Vomiting, rash, dizziness | 2 | | Hu | 2018 | R | 43.4 ± 4.8/44.7 ± 4.1 | 52 (37/15) | 52 (36/16) | Curative effect, cough, fever, pulmonary rale, healing period | Gastrointestinal reaction, loss of appetite, vomiting | 4 | | Lv | 2018 | R | 48.42 ± 7.59/48.61 ± 7.73 | 60 (29/31) | 60 (27/33) | Curative effect, cough, fever, pulmonary rale | Stomach ache, nausea, rash | 4 | | Chen | 2018 | R | 6.44 ± 3.50 | 59 | 58 | Fever, cough, pulmonary rale, healing period | No adverse reaction | 4 | | Zhang | 2018 | R | 69.4 ± 2.1/69.2 ± 2.0 | 39 (24/15) | 39 (23/16) | Curative effect, cough, sputum, pulmonary rale | Increased gamma glutamyl aminotransferase, hypotension, edema | 3 | | Zhang | 2018 | R | 46.81 ± 9.22/46.91 ± 9.34 | 60 (32/28) | 60 (33/27) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale | Diarrhoea, rash, elevated aspartate transferase | 3 | | Liu | 2017 | R | 40.34 ± 9.23/42.13 ± 8.18 | 53 (30/23) | 53 (32/21) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Han | 2017 | I | 5.24 ± 1.03/6.27 ± 0.98 | 62 (31/31) | 62 (33/29) | Pulmonary rale, cough, fever, healing period | Not reported | 2 | | Yang | 2016 | R | 29.20 ± 5.10 | 38 | 22 | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary imaging improvement, healing period | Gastrointestinal reaction | 3 | | Wang | 2015 | R | 61–75/59–74 | 34 | 34 | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale | Loss of appetite, skin itch, dizziness | 3 | | Tu | 2015 | R | 5.3 ± 1.1/5.1 ± 1.3 | 50 (30/20) | 50 (28/22) | Fever, cough, pulmonary rale, healing period | Not reported | 3 | | Xu | 2015 | R | 35.6 ± 12.8/34.8 ± 13.2 | 38 (18/20) | 30 (14/16) | Fever, healing period | No specific type | 3 | | Meng | 2015 | R | 50.7 ± 3.4/51.4 ± 4.2 | 20 (12/8) | 18 (10/8) | Curative effect, fever, cough | Nausea, rash | 4 | | Zhu | 2015 | R | 47.0 ± 3.0/48.5 ± 3.5 | 31 (23/8) | 31 (21/10) | Curative effect, fever, cough, sputum, pulmonary imaging improvement | Rash, leukopenia, gastrointestinal reaction | 4 | | Li | 2014 | R | 45.3 ± 1.3/44.6 ± 1.2 | 43 (27/16) | 43 (25/18 | Curative effect, cough, fever, pulmonary imaging improvement, healing period | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Li | 2014 | R | 45.4/44.3 | 25 (13/12) | 24 (12/12) | Curative effect | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Jiang | 2014 | R | 18–65 | 60 (32/28) | 60 (38/22) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale, pulmonary imaging improvement | Diarrhoea | 3 | | Liu | 2014 | R | 61.82 ± 18.50/59.23 ± 13.50 | 52 (30/22) | 52 (32/20) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale, pulmonary imaging improvement | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Gao | 2014 | R | 48.2 ± 6.7/51.3 ± 4.8 | 60 (34/26) | 60 (33/27) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary imaging improvement, healing period | Rash, white blood cell index returned to normal, gastrointestinal reaction | 3 | | Zou | 2014 | R | 76.5 ± 5.2/77.2 ± 5.9 | 30 (18/12) | 30 (20/10) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale, sputum | Nausea, vomiting | 3 | | Dong | 2014 | R | 71.64 ± 11.73/72.58 ± 10.69 | 40 (21/19) | 42 (24/18) | Curative effect, fever, cough, sputum | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Wang | 2014 | R | 36.3 ± 7.50/35.6 ± 7.40 | 40 (26/14) | 38 (24/14) | Curative effect, fever | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Wang | 2014 | R | 3 to 15 | 30 (19/11) | 30 (17/13) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Zhou | 2014 | R | 35.3 ± 7.60/30.10 ± 7.50 | 46 (26/20) | 41 (19/22) | Curative effect, fever | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Wang | 2013 | R | 18 to 65 | 50 | 50 | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary imaging improvement, healing period | Not reported | 3 | | Chen | 2013 | R | 71 ± 8.6 | 76 (44/32) | 76 (42/34) | Curative effect, fever, cough, pulmonary rale, healing period | Nausea, diarrhoea, rash | 3 | | Peng | 2013 | R | 33.6 ± 11.2/32.8 ± 10.1 | 30 (16/14) | 30 (15/15) | Curative effect | No adverse reaction | 5 | | Zhong | 2013 | R | 35.3 ± 7.60/30.10 ± 7.50 | 38 (20/18) | 32 (17/15) | Curative effect | No adverse reaction | 3 | | Xu | 2012 | R | 28.30 ± 6.80/29.20 ± 6.50 | 32 (18/14) | 30 (16/14) | Curative effect, fever | No adverse reaction | 3 | | COVID-19 pneumonia | Cheng | 2020 | I | 55.5 ± 12.3/55.8 ± 11.6 | 51 (26/25) | 51 (27/24) | Fever, cough, fatigue, muscle pain, Sputum, shortness of breath, chest tightness, pulmonary imaging improvement, breathlessness, nausea, loss of appetite | Not reported | 2 | | | Hu | 2020 | R | 50.4 ± 15.2/51.8 ± 14.8 | 142 (79/63) | 142 (71/71) | Curative effect, pulmonary imaging improvement, conversion of severe cases | Abnormal liver function, renal insufficiency, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of appetite | 5 | | | Lv | 2020 | I | 59.1 ± 16.56/60.2 ± 17.01 | 63 (28/35) | 38 (18/20) | Fever, cough, fatigue, muscle pain, sputum, sore throat, shortness of breath, chest tightness, breathlessness, headache, nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhoea | No adverse reaction | 2 | | | Shi | 2020 | I | 47.94 ± 14.46/46.72 ± 17.40 | 49 (26/23) | 18 (10/8) | Curative effect, fever, healing period, pulmonary imaging improvement, conversion of severe cases | Not reported | 2 | | | Xia | 2020 | I | 54.18 ± 13.08/53.67 ± 12.70 | 34 (17/17) | 18 (6/12) | Curative effect, healing period, pulmonary imaging improvement, conversion of severe cases | No adverse reaction | 2 | | | Yao | 2020 | I | 57.1 ± 14.0/62.4 ± 12.3 | 21 (16/5) | 21 (12/9) | Fever, cough, fatigue, muscle pain, sputum, sore throat, shortness of breath, chest tightness, breathlessness, headache, nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhoea | Not reported | 2 | | | Yu | 2020 | R | 48.27 ± 9.56/47.25 ± 8.67 | 147 (82/65) | 147 (89/59) | Curative effect, pulmonary imaging improvement, conversion of severe cases | No adverse reaction | 4 |
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