| | Author (year) | No. of participants randomized (I: C) | Duration of migraine (years) | Age of participants (years) | Gender (male/female) | Treatment duration, follow-up duration (days) | Dosage (mg) and frequency of flunarizine | Formula names (form) | Ingredients of formulas |
| | Cai (2018) [69] | 49: 49 | NS | I: 36.95 ± 7.140
C: 37.08 ± 6.82 | 38/60 | 30, NF | 10, qn | Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (decoction) | Bai Shao, Gui Zhi, Dang Gui, Tong Cao, Gan Cao, Xi Xin, and Da Zao |
| | Cai et al. (2017) [61] | 32: 28 | I: 6.50 ± 5.36
C: 6.30 ± 5.24 | I: 33.6 ± 7.62
C: 34.20 ± 7.21 | 24/36 | 28, NF | 10, qn | Li Xu Qu Feng Tongluo Fang (decoction) | Huang Qi, Ge Gen, Dan Shen, Chuan Xiong, Bai Zhi, Man Jing Zi, Xi Xin, Tu Bie Chong, and Jiang Chan |
| | Chen (2010) [52] | 40: 30 | I: 0.5-30
C: 0.83-28 | I: 20-65
C: 19-62 | 21/47 | 28, NF | 5, qn | Shao Zhi Zhen Tong Fang (decoction) | Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, Jiang Chan, Quan Xie, Di Long, Bai Zhi, and Gan Cao |
| | Dai (2005) [53] | 36: 34 | I: 5.70
C: 5.40 | I: 35.6
C: 37.2 | 22/48 | 90, 60 | 10, qn | Xue Sai Tong soft capsule | San Qi |
| | Du (2014) [73] | 44: 44 | I: 6.18 ± 5.06
C: 6.30 ± 5.24 | I: 44.93 ± 13.49
C: 48.27 ± 11.22 | 22/64 | 90, NF | 5, qn | Xiong Zhi Jian Fang (decoction) | Chuan Xiong, Bai Zhi, Bai Shao, Ge Gen, Xi Xin, Man Jing Zi, Xia Ku Cao, Bo He, Gao Ben, Chai Hu, Ju Hua, and Fang Feng |
| | Du et al. (2011) [47] | 50: 50 | I: 3.80 ± 2.30
C: 3.90 ± 2.40 | I: 40.5 ± 10.6
C: 39.4 ± 10.3 | 22/78 | 28, NF | 10, qn | Tong Xin Luo capsule | Ren Shen, Shui Zhi, Quan Xie, Tu Bie, Chong, Wu Gong, Chan Lian, Suan Zao Ren, and Bing Pian |
| | Fu (2015) [64] | 40: 40 | I: 3.40 ± 2.10
C: 4.10 ± 2.30 | I: 43.4 ± 2.7
C: 42.6 ± 2.5 | 42/38 | 90, NF | 5, qn | Qu Feng Huo Xue Fang (decoction) | Chuan Xiong, Niu Xi, Bai Ji Li, Gan Cao, Gao Ben, Tian Ma, Bai Zhi, Gou Teng, Ge Gen, and Chai Hu |
| | Gao et al. (2006) [57] | 40: 42 | I: 3.20 ± 1.30
C: 3.00 ± 1.40 | I: 35.4 ± 4.6
C: 36.1 ± 6.8 | 32/50 | 60, 365 | 5, qd | Tian Shu capsule | Chuan Xiong and Tian Ma |
| | Gao et al. (2009) [58] | 29: 27 | I: 9.75 ± 5.53
C: 8.96 ± 6.56 | I: 41.4 ± 19.56
C: 42.5 ± 18.42 | 0/56 | 30, 60 | 5∼10, qn | NS (decoction) | Sha Ren, Chi Shao, Bai Shao, Shi Jue Ming, Mai Dong, Ju Hua, Tao Ren, Ji Xue Teng, Ye Jiao Teng, Quan Xie, and Wu Gong |
| | Gou and Miao (2014) [74] | 30: 30 | NS | 26∼65 | 37/23 | 90, NF | 10, qn | San Pian Tang (decoction) | Chuan Xiong, Bai Zhi, Bai Shao, Bai Jie Zi, Xiang Fu, Chai Hu, Yu Li Ren, and Gan Cao |
| | Huang et al. (2006) [65] | 30: 30 | I: 10.50 ± 4.60
C: 9.80 ± 3.70 | I: 35.3 ± 3.6
C: 37.1 ± 3.5 | 22/38 | 30, NF | 5, qn | NS (decoction) | Quan Xie, Di Long, Tian Ma, Chuan Xiong, Wu Gong, and Jiang Chan |
| | Liang (2015) [46] | 120: 120 | I: 6.01 ± 3.75
C: 6.16 ± 3.20 | I: 35.35 ± 10.87
C: 34.01 ± 9.06 | 53/170 | 56, 28 | 10, qn | He Jie Zhi Tong Fang (decoction) | Chai Hu, Chuan Xiong, Huang Qin, Ban Xia, Dang Shen, Bai Zhu, Gan Cao, Long Gu, yuan zhi, Quan Xie, and Wu Gong |
| | Liu (2009) [48] | 40: 40 | NS | I: 44.47 ± 11.21
C: 42.77 ± 9.53 | 22/51 | 30, NF | 10, qn | Tou Tong Fang (decoction) | Huang Lian, zhi Ban Xia. Chen Pi, Zhi Shi, Dan Nan Xing, Zhu Ru, Shi Chang Pu, Mo Han Lian, Quan Xie, Man Jing Zi, Bai Zhi, and Chuan Xiong |
| | Luo and Shu (2013) [79] | 32: 32 | I: 4.50
C: 4.80 | I: 25–60
C: 24–59 | 25/39 | 28, NF | 5, bid | Tzu Tong Tang (decoction) | Tian Ma, Gou Teng, Shi Jue Ming, Ju Hua, Chuan Xiong, Bai Zhi, Man Jing Zi, Quan Xie, and Di Long |
| | Ma (2014) [59] | 30: 30 | NS | I: 42.90 ± 11.74
C: 46.97 ± 12.29 | 31/29 | 28, NF | 10, qn | Chai Hu Gui Zhi Gan Jiang Tang (decoction) | Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Gan Jiang, Ban Xia, Huang Qin, Dang Shen, Fu Ling, and Gan Cao |
| | Mao et al. (2011) [49] | 20: 20 | I: 11.05
C: 9.19 | I: 39
C: 42.6 | 6/32 | 30, NF | 5, qn | Chai Shao Zhi Tong Fang (decoction) | Chai Hu, Bai Shao, Bai Zhu, Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, Qing Feng Teng, Zhi Ke, and Gan Cao |
| | Niu et al. (2003) [56] | 35: 35 | NS | NS | NS | 30, NF | 5, qn | Yang Xue Qing Nao Ke Li (granule) | Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, Shu Di, Zhen Zhu Mu, Jue Ming Zi, Xia Ku Cao, and Bai Shao |
| | Pan et al. (2015) [54] | 30: 30 | I: 7.10
C: 6.50 | I: 47.52
C: 51.38 | 27/33 | 90, 90 | 5∼10, qn | Xiong Long Tang (decoction) | Yan Hu Suo, Chuan Xiong, Ge Gen, Bai Zhi, Tao Ren, Di Long, Niu Xi, Hong Hua, and Xi Xin |
| | Peng (2017) [75] | 38: 38 | I: 5.40 ± 1.80
C: 5.00 ± 1.50 | I: 36.2 ± 4.2
C: 35.5 ± 4.1 | 48/28 | 30, NF | 10, qn | 1. Tong Qiao Huo Xue Tang (decoction)
2. Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin (decoction)
3. Qi Ju Di Huang Tang (decoction)
4. Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang (decoction) | 1. San Qi, Chuan Xiong, Fu Shen, Chi Shao, Dan Shen, Tao Ren, Bai Zhi, Yu Jin, and Chen Pi
2. Yi Mu Cao, Tian Ma, Zhi Zi, Niu Xi, Di Long, Gou Teng, Huang Qin, Shi Jue Ming, Sang Ji Sheng, and Du Zhong
3. Gou Qi, Mo Han Lian, Nv Zhen Zi, Ju Hua, Shan Zhu Yu, Shan Yao, Shu Di, Fu Ling, Ze Xie, and Mu Dan Pi
4. Chen Pi, Huang Qi, Bai Shao, Ren Shen, Shu Di, Bai Zhu, Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, and Gan Cao |
| | Qian and Yan, (2006) [60] | 57: 60 | I: 5.30
C: 5.10 | I: 42.5 ± 6.12
C: 41.5 ± 7.36 | 47/70 | 28, NF | 10, qn | Tong Qiao Huo Xue Tang (decoction) | Chi Shao, Chuan Xiong, Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Bai Zhi, Cong, Sheng Jiang, Da Zao, Huang Jiu, Dan Shen, and Huang Qi |
| | Qu et al. (2010) [67] | 31: 32 | NS | I: 41.52 ± 8.6
C: 42.31 ± 7.3 | 20/43 | 30, NF | 5, qn | Yi Li Tian Kan Tang (decoction) | Ba Ji Tian, Zhen Zhu Mu, Rou Gui, Huang Lian, Gui Zhi, Bai Shao, Fu Ling, Chai Hu, Zhi Zi, and Wu Mei |
| | Shen et al. (2016) [50] | 60: 60 | I: 4.62 ± 2.48
C: 5.05 ± 3.05 | I: 26.98 ± 4.6
C: 25.54 ± 4.35 | 40/75 | 28, 28 | 5, qn | San Pian Tang (decoction) | Chuan Xiong, Bai Shao, Chai Hu, Yu Li Ren, Xiang Fu, Bai Zhi, Gan Cao, Bai Jie Zi, Chi Shao, and Jiang Chan |
| | Song (2017) [68] | 32: 32 | I: 0.01 ± 0.01
C: 0.01 ± 0.01 | I: 38.9 ± 2.5
C: 39.1 ± 2.4 | 9/55 | 60, NF | 10, bid | 1. Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tang (decoction)
2. Tong Qiao Huo Xue Tang (decoction)
3. Da Bu Yuan Jian (decoction)
4. Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin (decoction) | 1. Gan Cao, Ju Hong, Man Jing Zi, Chuan Xiong, Fa Ban Xia, Tian Ma, Fu Ling, Ci Ji Li, and Bai Zhu
2. Tao Ren, Chuan Xiong, Hong Hua, Bai Zhi, Chi Shao, Yan Hu Suo, Chai Hu, Shi Chang Pu, Yu Jin, and Dan Shen
3. Dang Gui, Gou Qi Zi, Du Zhong, Shan Zhu Yu, Shan Yao, Shu Di, Dang Shen, and He Shou Wu
4. Chuan Xiong, Huang Qin, Tian Ma, Chong Wei Zi, Sang Ji Sheng, Niu Xi, Gou Teng, Ye Jiao Teng, Zhi Zi, and Shi Jue Ming |
| | Sun and Xu (2016) [76] | 60: 60 | I: 0.17 ± 0.02
C: 2.03 ± 0.20 | I: 56.26 ± 5.1
C: 55.60 ± 4.6 | 65/55 | 56, NF | 10, qd | Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San (decoction) | Chuan Xiong, Jin Jie, Fang Feng, Xi Xin, Qiang Huo, Bai Zhi, Bo He, and Gan Cao |
| | Wang et al. (2012) [77] | 60: 60 | I: 5.40 ± 2.60
C: 6.30 ± 2.20 | I: 38.5 ± 12.9
C: 39.2 ± 13.4 | 36/84 | 60, NF | 10, qn | San Han Huo Yu Zhi Tong Fang (decoction) | Chuan Xiong, Sha Shen, Tu Fu Ling, Bahi Zhi, Bai Jie Zi, Quan Xie, Jin Jie, Man Jing Zi, Gan Cao, and Xi Xin |
| | Wang (2016) [62] | 60: 60 | NS | I: 36.30 ± 9.66
C: 34.33 ± 10.5 | 31/89 | 56, NF | 10, qn | Rou Gan Xi Feng Tang (decoction) | Bai Shao, Gou Qi Zi, He Shou Wu, Xiang Fu, Chai Hu, Tian Ma, Chuan Xiong, Huang Qin, and Gan Cao |
| | Wang (2013) [51] | 58: 52 | I: 7.64 ± 2.34
C: 6.18 ± 2.7 | I: 39.30 ± 12.97
C: 41.37 ± 12.03 | 60/50 | 30, NF | 5, qn | NS (decoction) | Chuan Xiong, Bai Shao, He Shou Wu, Shi Jue Ming, Man Jing Zi, Dang Gui, Tian Ma, Tao Ren, Bai Zhi, and Quan Xie |
| | Xie (2015) [55] | 24: 24 | NS | I: 35.05 ± 8.54
C: 33.55 ± 8.79 | 15/33 | 84, 28 | 5, qn | Zheng Tian Jiao Nang (capsule) | Bai Shao, Bai Zhi, Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, Di Huang, Du Huo, Fang Feng, Fu Zi, Gou Teng, Hong Hua, Ji Xue Teng, Ma Huang, and Qiang Huo |
| | Xin (2016) [56] | 30: 30 | NS | I: 18–65
C: 18–65 | 31/29 | 28, 28 | 10, qn | Tou Tong Fang (decoction) | Huang Qi, Ren Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Chuan Xiong, Yan Hu Suo, Xi Xin, Bai Zhi, and Shui Niu Jiao |
| | Yuan (2017) [63] | 30: 30 | I: 3.90 ± 4.63
C: 4.30 ± 4.24 | I: 42.53 ± 12.19
C: 41.87 ± 12.33 | 16/44 | 28, NF | 10, qn | Xiao Chai Hu Tang plus Qing Kong Gao (decoction) | Chai Hu, Huang Qin, Huang Lian, Ban Xia, Ge Gen, Dan Nan Xing, Chuan Xiong, Hou Po, Chen Pi, Qiang Huo, Fang Feng, and Dang Shen |
| | Zhang (2013) [71] | 30: 30 | NS | I: 39.30 ± 12.97
C: 41.37 ± 12.03 | 27/33 | 56, NF | 10, qn | Zheng Tian Wan (pill) | Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Di Huang, Gou Teng, Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Fu Zi, Du Huo, Fang Feng, Ma Huang, Ji Xue Teng, and Bai Zhi |
| | Zhang and Sun (2019) [78] | 32: 32 | I: 8.57 ± 3.65
C: 6.29 ± 4.68 | I: 49.86 ± 11.37
C: 50.23 ± 9.16 | 17/47 | 28, F | 10, qn | Yang Xue Ping Gan Tang (decoction) | Xuan Fu Hua, Zhe Shi, Shi Gao, Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, sheng di, Bai Shao, Shou Wu Teng, Xiang Fu, and Gan Cao |
| | Zhang (2014) [70] | 42: 42 | NS | I: 40.4 ± 9.5
C: 41.2 ± 7.9 | 34/50 | 28, NF | 5, qn | Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin (decoction) | Tian Ma, Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, Zhi Zi, Niu Xi, Bai Shao, Sang Ji Sheng, Gou Teng, Shi Jue Ming, Ye Jiao Teng, Zhen Zhu Mu, and Tao Ren |
| | Zhong et al. (2009) [45] | 16: 16 | I: 2.10 ± 0.60
C: 2.20 ± 0.50 | I: 34.7 ± 6.2
C: 33.8 ± 7.1 | 11/21 | 20, NF | 5, qn | Ping Gan Qian Yang Fang (decoction) | Tian Ma, Gou Teng, Shi Jue Ming, Mu Li, and Chuan Xiong |
| | Zhu (2006) [72] | 42: 42 | NS | 33.4 ± 8.5 | 32/52 | 30, NF | 10, qn | Tian Ma Su capsule | Tian Ma |
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