Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Protective Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on the Kidneys of Diabetic Rats through the Nrf2 Signalling Pathway

Table 2

Body weight, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, kidney weight, and renal index in control and experimental rats.
 ControlDML-GSPEH-GSPE
Body weight (g)
FBG (mmol/L)
Insulin (mU/L)
HOMA-IR (pmolL)
Kidney weight (g)
Renal index
Control: normal control group; DM: diabetics group; L-GSPE: the group treated with 125 mg/kg GSPE; H-GSPE: the group treated with 250 mg/kg GSPE; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; GSPE: grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Values are presented as mean ± SD from 10 rats in each group ( vs. the control group; vs. the diabetic group).