Fuke Qianjin Combined with Antibiotic Therapy for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.

First author/year	Age (M ± SD) (years); Total sample size	Study setting/study period	Experimental group	Control group	Course	Outcomes
Li 2014 [17]	E: 37.7 ± 3.8,C: 38.2 ± 3.4; 72 (36/36)	RCT; 2009.02-2012.10	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 0.5 g, bid, iv)	2 weeks	①
Zhang 2018 [18]	E: 30.18 ± 2.02,C: 30.26 ± 2.19; 104 (52/52)	RCT; 2016.01-2017.02	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 15 mg, qd, iv)	6 weeks	①⑤
Du 2017 [19]	E: 30.42 ± 2.44,C: 30.71 ± 2.78; 160 (80/80)	RCT; 2016.04-2016.12	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 15 mg, qd, iv)	6 weeks	①⑤
Meng 2018 [20]	E: 30.5 ± 2.5,C: 30.7 ± 2.6; 84 (42/42)	RCT; 2017.05-2018.05	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 15 mg, qd, iv)	6 weeks	①
Chang 2016 [21]	E: 27.34 ± 2.13,C: 27.15 ± 2.25; 80 (40/40)	RCT; 2014.02-2015.10	FKQJ tablet (3 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (po)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole tablet, 2 tablets, tid, po)	6 weeks	①
Fan 2016 [22]	32.57 ± 3.11; 180 (90/90)	RCT; 2014.01-2015.12	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 0.5 g, q8h, iv)	2 weeks	①③
Liu 2017 [23]	E: 32.4 ± 2.6,C: 33.7 ± 2.9; 128 (64/64)	RCT; 2015.10-2017.01	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (po)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole tablet, 2 tablets, tid, po)	2 weeks	①③
Guo 2015 [24]	E: 32.5 ± 3.6,C:32.7 ± 3.5; 156 (78/78)	RCT; 2012.02-2014.02	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 15 mg, qd, iv)	6 weeks	①
Shen 2018 [25]	E: 30.57 ± 2.12,C: 30.24 ± 2.13; 78 (39/39)	RCT; 2015.01-2017.10	FKQJ capsules (2 capsules, bid, po), nitroimidazoles (po)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole tablet, 2 tablets, tid, po)	2 weeks	①②③
Wang 2018 [26]	E: 31.2 ± 3.4,C: 32.4 ± 3.0; 102 (51/51)	RCT; 2016.04-2017.12	FKQJ tablet (2 tablets, bid, po), nitroimidazoles (po)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole tablet, 2 tablets, tid, po)	2 weeks	①②④
Lou 2017 [27]	E: 32.7 ± 4.7,C: 32.1 ± 4.3; 89 (45/44)	RCT; 2013.01-2016.01	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (po)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole tablet, 2 tablets, tid, po)	6 weeks	①
Chen 2017 [28]	E: 30.05 ± 4.55,C: 29.51 ± 4.53; 60 (30/30)	RCT; 2015.06-2017.05	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 15 mg, qd, iv)	8 weeks	①
Liu 2019 [29]	E: 30-45,C: 32-47; 78 (39/39)	RCT; 2018.03-2019.03	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 0.5 g, q8d, iv)	4 weeks	①
Zheng 2019 [30]	E: 31.42 ± 0.14,C: 30.14 ± 1.15; 80 (40/40)	RCT; 2016.05-2018.06	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles t (po)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole tablet, 2 tablets, tid, po)	6 weeks	①
Lin, 2019 [31]	E: 32.5 ± 3.1,C: 31.2 ± 4.5; 60 (30/30)	RCT; 2016.05-2018.05	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles t (po, 2 weeks)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole tablet, 2 tablets, tid, po, 2 weeks)	6 weeks; antibiotic 2 weeks	①
Zhang 2019 [32]	E:29.5 ± 1.2, C:28.7 ± 2.1; 68(34/34)	RCT; 2017.05-2018.05	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), nitroimidazoles (iv)	Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 0.5 g, q8h, iv)	4 weeks	①
Zhang 2017 [33]	E: 30.42 ± 2.65, C: 30.12 ± 2.61; 90 (45/45)	RCT; 2014.01-2015.12	FKQJ capsule (2 capsule, tid, po), clindamycin (iv, 1 week)	Clindamycin (clindamycin, 0.6 g, bid, iv, 1 week)	2 weeks; antibiotic 1 week	①⑤
Yuan, 2015 [34]	E: 31.58 ± 4.85,C: 31.65 ± 4.88; 150 (75/75)	RCT; 2013.05-2015.05	FKQJ tablet (2 tablets, tid, po), clindamycin (iv)	Clindamycin (clindamycin phosphate, 1.5 g, tid, iv)	6 weeks	①
Chen 2019 [35]	E: 5.14 ± 2.75,C: 35.36 ± 2.74; 100 (50/50)	RCT; 2016.07-2018.07	FKQJ capsule (2 capsules, tid, po), cephalosporin (po) + nitroimidazoles (po)	Cephalosporin (cefuroxime axetil tablet, 0.75-1.5 g, tid, po) + nitroimidazoles (tinidazole tablets, 0.5 g, bid, po)	2 weeks	①
Yuan 2012 [36]	E: 34.4 ± 1.8,C: 34.6 ± 1.7; 80(40/40)	RCT; 2012.06-2014.06	FKQJ capsule (2 capsules, tid, po); cephalosporin (iv) + nitroimidazoles (iv)	Cephalosporin (ceftriaxone sodium, 2 g, bid, iv) + nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, 500 mg, bid, iv)	2 weeks	①
He 2017 [37]	E: 33.24 ± 1.39,C: 33.11 ± 2.42; 120 (60/60)	RCT; 2013.08-2016.02	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), quinolones (po)	Quinolones (levofloxacin tablet, 200 tablets, tid, po)	3 weeks	①
Lei 2019 [38]	E: 37.5 ± 3.7,C: 36.8 ± 3.9; 60 (30/30)	RCT; 2016.06-2018.06	FKQJ capsule (2 capsules, tid, po); quinolones (po)	Quinolones (levofloxacin tablet, 200 mg, bid, po)	2 weeks	①④
Deng 2019 [39]	E: 37.5 ± 1.9,C: 36.7 ± 2.0; 348 (174/174)	RCT; 2013.03-2015.02	FKQJ tablet (6 tablets, tid, po), cephalosporin (im) + doxycycline (po)	Cephalosporin (cefoxitin, 2 g, q6h, im) + doxycycline (100 mg, bid, po)	45 days	①

Outcomes: ① markedly effective rate; ② adverse event; ③ improvement of lower abdominal pain; ④ time of abdominal pain disappearance; and ⑤ recurrence rate. Both the tablets and capsules of FKQJ are produced by Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Company Limited; State Drugs Administration (SDA) License Number (GUOYAOZHUNZI): Z43020027 (tablet), Z20020024 (capsule). M, mean; SD, standard deviation; RCT, randomized controlled trial; FKQJ, Fuke Qianjin; E, experimental group; C, control group; qd, once a day; bid, twice a day; tid, three times a day; q6h, every 6 hours; q8h, every 8 hours; po, peros; im, intramuscular; iv, intravenous intravenously.