No. Included studies (author, year) Age (years) Participants (experimental group/control group) Intervention Outcomes Adverse effects (experimental group/control) Treatment periods (months) Follow-up (months) Control group Experimental group Control group Experimental group Secondary outcomes Primary outcomes 1 Zheng et al. [19 ], 2019 63.9 ± 2.81 63.91 ± 2.86 70/70 Placebo capsules ± calcium carbonate Bushen Yijing Fang ± calcium carbonate — BMD of femoral neck; adverse effects 9/8 36 120 2 Liu and Wang [42 ], 2016 56.15 ± 6.77 55.86 ± 6.92 62/62 Alendronate sodium tablets ± calcium carbonate D3 tablets Erxian Bushen decoction ± acupuncture and moxibustion ± alendronate sodium tablets ± calcium carbonate D3 tablets — Effectiveness rate; BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine — 6 — 3 Xu et al. [43 ], 2018 63.90 ± 7.59 65.16 ± 6.82 32/31 Calcium carbonate D3 Thunder-fire moxibustion ± calcium carbonate D3 VAS scores — — 1 1 4 Zhu et al. [20 ], 2012 64.9 ± 6.0 65.4 ± 6.3 61/61 Calcium carbonate ± vitamin D Xian Ling Gu Bao capsules ± calcium carbonate ± vitamin D — BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine; adverse effects 11/11 12 12 5 Zhao and Yan [21 ], 2018 61.3 ± 4.1 62.1 ± 4.1 50/50 Caltrate ± alpha D3 calciferol Traditional Chinese medicine prescription ± caltrate ± alpha D3 calciferol VAS scores Effectiveness rate; BMD of lumbar spine (L2–4); adverse effects 9/6 6 6 6 Yuan et al. [22 ], 2014 — — 40/40 Alendronate ± calcium carbonate D3 Chinese herbal medicine ± alendronate ± calcium carbonate D3 — Effectiveness rate — 6 — 7 Huang [23 ], 2015 65.5 ± 1.6 65.7 ± 1.5 70/70 Calcium carbonate D3 ± alfacalcidol soft capsules Bushenhuoxuetang ± calcium carbonate D3 ± alfacalcidol soft capsules VAS scores Effectiveness rate — 2 — 8 Wu et al. [24 ], 2005 56.4 ± 4.6 55.6 ± 4.3 34/34 Caltrate D600 Xian Ling Gu Bao capsules ± caltrate D600 — BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine — 12 — 9 Liu et al. [25 ], 2011 (3) 62.8 ± 5.9 Liu 2011 (3) A: 35/35; B: 35 Calcichew D3 tablets Liu 2011 (3) VAS scores Effectiveness rate; BMD of lumbar spine — 6 — 10 Lu [47 ], 2014 62.14 ± 6.34 60.84 ± 6.95 25/22 Calcium carbonate D3 Acupoint catgut embedding ± calcium carbonate D3 — Effectiveness rate — 6 — 11 Han et al. [44 ], 2011 67.39 ± 4. 05 67.42 ± 3. 89 30/30 Caltrate Shuganwenshentanyushuangjietang ± acupuncture and moxibustion ± caltrate — Effectiveness rate — 6 — 12 Liu et al. [26 ], 2011 (1) 62.8 ± 5.9 Liu 2011 (1) A: 35/35 B: 35 Calcichew D3 tablets Liu 2011 (1) TCM symptom integral — 0/0/4 6 — 13 Peng et al. [48 ], 2017 — — 35/35 Calcichew D3 tablets ± alendronate sodium tablets Acupoint catgut embedding ± calcichew D3 tablets ± alendronate sodium tablets VAS scores Effectiveness rate; BMD of lumbar spine — 3 — 14 Peng et al. [49 ], 2018 — — 45/45 Calcichew D3 tablets ± alendronate sodium tablets Acupoint catgut embedding ± calcichew D3 tablets ± alendronate sodium tablets VAS scores Effectiveness rate; BMD of lumbar spine — 3 3 15 Zhong et al. [50 ], 2018 — — 45/45 Calcichew D3 tablets ± alendronate sodium tablets Acupoint catgut embedding ± calcichew D3 tablets ± alendronate sodium tablets VAS scores Effectiveness rate; BMD of lumbar spine — 3 — 16 Zou et al. [53 ], 2018 66.73 ± 3.71 66.27 ± 3.18 60/60 Caltrate D tablets ± alendronate sodium tablets ± calcitriol soft capsules Acupoint injection ± caltrate D tablets ± alendronate sodium tablets ± calcitriol soft capsules — Effectiveness rate; BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine; adverse effects 0/0 6 — 17 Ma and Fan [45 ], 2018 68.43 ± 3.68 68.56 ± 3.79 42/42 Calcium carbonate ± vitamin D tablets Bushenzhuanggutang ± acupuncture and moxibustion ± calcium carbonate ± vitamin D tablets — Effectiveness rate — 3 12 18 Lin [51 ], 2006 (1) — — 24/22 Osteoform capsules Acupoint catgut embedding ± osteoform capsules — BMD of femoral neck — 6 — 19 Lin [52 ], 2006 (2) — — 20/18 Osteoform capsules Acupoint catgut embedding ± osteoform capsules — BMD of femoral neck — 6 — 20 Qi [27 ], 2016 75.42 ± 6.83 76.5 ± 7.28 100/100 Caltrate D Bushenqianggufang ± caltrate D — Effectiveness rate; BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine — 3 3 21 Li et al. [28 ], 2017 75.4 ± 4.9 72.6 ± 5.5 30/30 Calcitriol soft capsules ± caltrate D600 Bushenjianpitang ± calcitriol soft capsules ± caltrate D600 — Effectiveness rate — 3 — 22 Hu and Li [29 ], 2012 — — 155/145 Caltrate D ± miacalcic Shangkeyishenjianguwan ± caltrate D ± miacalcic — BMD of lumbar spine — 3 6 23 Liu and Gong [30 ], 2018 59.88 ± 7.46 60.49 ± 7.25 38/38 Calcitriol soft capsules ± calcium carbonate D3 ± alendronate sodium tablets Bushenjianpihuoxuefang ± calcitriol soft capsules ± calcium carbonate D3 ± alendronate sodium tablets — Effectiveness rate; BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine; adverse effects 6/4 6 — 24 Chen et al. [31 ], 2017 66.22 ± 11.3 65.12 ± 12.41 32/28 Salmon calcitonin Bushenjiangufang ± salmon calcitonin VAS scores Effectiveness rate — 6 — 25 Zou [32 ], 2016 — — 31/31 Alendronate sodium tablets ± calcichew D3 tablets Bushenjiangutang ± alendronate sodium tablets ± calcichew D3 tablets — BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine — 6 — 26 Han [33 ], 2013 55.32 ± 1.53 54.08 ± 3.26 28/28 Alfacalcidol soft capsules ± caltrate Bushenzhuanggutang ± alfacalcidol soft capsules ± caltrate — Effectiveness rate; adverse effects 0/0 2 — 27 Huang et al. [34 ], 2018 — — 88/88 Alendronate sodium tablets Bushentang ± alendronate sodium tablets VAS scores Effectiveness rate; BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine; adverse effects 0/0 6 — 28 Huang et al. [35 ], 2017 /— — 46/46 Salmon calcitonin Bushenhuoxuefang ± salmon calcitonin — BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine — 6 — 29 Song et al. [36 ], 2015 76.1 ± 3.78 76.4 ± 3.56 90/90 Salmon calcitonin Bushenhuoxuefang ± salmon calcitonin — Effectiveness rate; adverse effects 0/0 12 — 30 Pan and Ding [37 ], 2014 57. 2 ± 11. 2 56. 9 ± 11. 0 43/43 Oyster shell calcium capsules Bushenhuoxuefang ± oyster shell calcium capsules — Effectiveness rate; BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine; adverse effects 0/4 3 — 31 Wang [38 ], 2018 62.25 ± 5.01 62.18 ± 4.58 100/100 Calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 tablets Bushenhuoxuetang ± calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 tablets — Effectiveness rate; BMD of lumbar spine — 3 — 32 Gui et al. [39 ], 2017 66.28 ± 8.17 66.19 ± 8.34 30/30 Alendronate sodium tablets ± caltrate D Bushenyiqihuayutang ± alendronate sodium tablets ± caltrate D — Effectiveness rate; BMD of total hip and lumbar spine; adverse effects 4 Feb 6 — 33 Liu et al. [40 ], 2011 (2) 59.8 ± 8.6 Liu 2011 (2) A: 45/45 B: 45 Calcichew D3 tables Liu 2011 (2) TCM symptom integral; VAS scores Effectiveness rate; BMD of lumbar spine — 6 — 34 Ouyang et al. [46 ], 2011 65.6 ± 6.6 64.4 ± 5.3 25/30 Alendronate Acupuncture and moxibustion ± alendronate TCM symptom integral BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur — 6 — 35 Zhou et al. [54 ], 2016 55 ± 4 56 ± 4 30/30 Salmon calcitonin Acupoint injection TCM symptom integral BMD of lumbar spine — 2 — 36 Xie et al. [41 ], 2018 61.00 ± 3.12 59.40 ± 4.12 30/31 Vitamin D chewable tablets ± calcitriol soft capsules Gushenfang ± vitamin D chewable tablets ± calcitriol soft capsules — Effectiveness rate; adverse effects 0/0 3 —
