The Effects and Safety of Chinese Oral Herbal Paste on Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Characteristics of the patients from the included studies.

Author, year	Sample size (T/C)	Age (years) (T/C)	TCM syndrome	Lung function	Course of disease (years) (T/C)	Dropout (T/C)
Zhu et al. 2009 [24]	37/37	63.72 ± 7.52/62.91 ± 8.34	Lung and kidney qi deficiency	Moderate to severe	ND	Lost to follow-up (n = 5)/lost to follow-up (n = 5)
Zhang et al. 2013 [29]	53/54	57.38 ± 13.21/61.16 ± 12.93	Lung and kidney qi deficiency	Mild to severe	11.28 ± 7.73/10.34 ± 5.92	Lost to follow-up (n = 1)/lost to follow-up (n = 4)
Wang and Liu 2013 [30]	30/30	69.1 ± 6.2/67.8 ± 5.7	Lung and spleen qi deficiency	Moderate to severe	ND	No/No
Chen et al. 2014 [31]	30/30	58.63 ± 10.37/57.84 ± 11.65	Lung, spleen and kidney qi deficiency	Moderate to severe	10.78 ± 5.83/9.33 ± 6.75	No/No
Cheng et al. 2014 [32]	30/32	54.3/57.5	Lung and kidney qi deficiency	Moderate to severe	3∼26/3∼30	No/No
Wang et al. 2014 [33]	31/32	70.43 ± 9. 30/67.33 ± 9.64	Lung and spleen qi deficiency	ND	ND	Lost to follow-up (n = 1)/lack of compliance (n = 2)
Zhao et al. 2014 [34]	45/45	57.1 ± 8.5/56.3 ± 7.3	Lung and spleen qi deficiency, or lung and kidney qi deficiency	Moderate to severe	7.1 ± 3.2/6.8 ± 3.5	No/No
He et al. 2015 [20]	40/36	57.4 ± 10.4/58.6 ± 11.2	Lung qi deficiency	ND	ND	No/No
Jiang et al. 2015 [22]	50/50	65.75/62.09	Lung and kidney qi deficiency	Mild to severe	15.23/13.92	No/lost to follow-up (n = 7)
Wang et al. 2015 [35]	31/32	70.43 ± 9.30/67.33 ± 9.64	Lung and spleen qi deficiency	ND	ND	Lost to follow-up (n = 1)/lack of compliance (n = 2)
Wu et al. 2015 [36]	35/25	71.23 ± 6.64/73.39 ± 4.61	Lung and kidney qi deficiency	ND	ND	No/No
Mao 2016 [37]	30/30	62.2 ± 7.11/64.1 ± 8.61	Qi and Yin deficiency of lung and kidney	Mild to severe	5.3 ± 1.1/5.4 ± 1.5	No/No
Zhang et al. 2017 [38]	60/60	67.72 ± 10.16/65.35 ± 10.62	Lung, spleen, and kidney qi deficiency	Moderate to very severe	ND	No/No
Zhao and Li 2017 [21]	39/39	55.09 ± 7.88/55.31 ± 7.65	Lung and spleen qi deficiency	Mild to severe	3.96 ± 0.52/3.58 ± 0.44	No/No
Deng et al. 2017 [39]	41/39	70.04 ± 5.12/70.59 ± 4.83	Lung and spleen qi deficiency	Mild to severe	8.23 ± 3.54/8.32 ± 3.02	No/No
Luo 2017 [40]	30/30	65.3 ± 9.8/64.9 ± 10.2	Qi and yin deficiency of lung and kidney	Severe	12.8 ± 4.7/11.3 ± 5.1	No/No
Rong and Ding 2017 [41]	30/30	56.5 ± 6.2/56.1 ± 6.3	Lung and kidney qi deficiency	Severe to very severe	ND	No/No
Zhang 2018 [42]	30/30	68.7 ± 8.33/68.84 ± 9.14	Lung and kidney qi deficiency	Mild to very severe	10.03 ± 4.88/10.31 ± 4.01	Lost to follow-up (n = 1)/lost to follow-up (n = 1)
Xia and Sun 2019 [23]	30/30	66.93 ± 9.11/67.23 ± 8.92	Lung, spleen, and kidney qi deficiency	Moderate to very severe	11.03 ± 6.60/11.27 ± 6.63	No/No

T: treatment; C: control; ND: not documented.