|
Effect | Cell line | Target and mechanism | Reference |
|
Cells from animals | | | |
Anti-inflammation | RAW264.7 cells | Downregulate IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, MCP-1, COX-2, MMP-1, SOCS3 induced by LPS and suppress LPS-induced the phosphorylation of STAT3 | [18] |
RAW264.7 cells | Suppress NF-κB and MAPK signaling in LPS-stimulated | [124] |
VSMCs | Suppress inflammation response via inactivating NF-κB and suppressing proinflammatory gene expression | [78] |
DCs | Inhibit DC maturation via upregulation of Dabs and downregulate the Src/PI3K/Akt-NF-κB-inflammatory pathways | [111] |
RAW264.7 cells | Attenuate secretion of TNF-α or MCP-1 | [125] |
|
Endothelium protection | RAW264.7 cells | Ameliorate overproduction of ROS induced by oxLDL | [18] |
MPMs | Inhibit ROS formation and block the vital step in activation of NADPH oxidase-membrane translocation of p47phox | [16] |
RAW264.7 cells | Protected sialic acid against H2O2-induced degradation | [125] |
|
Lipid lowering | RAW264.7 cells | Ameliorate lipid deposition | [18] |
Raw 264.7 cells | Improve the protein expression of ABCG1 and ABCA1 to promote cholesterol efflux | [125] |
Raw 264.7 cells | Upregulate the protein expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and LXRα and downregulate the protein expression of PCSK9, P53, P21, and P16 | [126] |
|
Antiapoptosis | NRK cells | Activate autophagy | [127] |
RAW264.7 cells | Promote autophagy by increasing expression of LC3-II/I and Beclin1 and block the expression of MST1 induced by ox LDL | [86] |
RAW264.7 cells | Activate the PI3K/AKT pathway | [78] |
EPCs | Activate ERK and the ERK signaling pathway | [113] |
|
Cells from human | | | |
Anti-inflammation | HUVECs | Attenuate caveolin-1 expression in endothelial cells | [128] |
HUVECs | Reduce intracellular ROS and inhibit of NF-κB and AP-1 activation | [129] |
HUVECs | Downregulate mRNA expression of MCP-1 and alleviate nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit through attenuating the TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway | [32] |
PBMCs | Suppress cytokine and TNF-α release by modulating TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway and TLR-mediated MAPK pathway | [77] |
HUVECs | Inhibit expression of proinflammatory factors and endothelin-1 | [130] |
VSMCs | Inhibit TNFα-mediated vascular inflammatory responses | [131] |
HUVECs | Inhibitory effect on MCP-1 as well as inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α | [132] |
|
Anti-apoptosis | HaVSMCs | Decrease relative expression levels of members of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, including P53, puma and Noxa, caspase-3, and caspase-8 | [133] |
EA.hy926 cells | Regulate Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway by increasing the expression of p-Akt and p-GSK3β | [134] |
|
Lowering lipid | Human HepG2 cell line | Promote selective uptake of HDL-C by enhancing SR-BI expression through stimulating the PPAR γ/LXRα pathway. | [61] |
THP-1 macrophages | Increase ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux through LXRα pathway to promote RCT | [62] |
|