| | Study | Indication | NYHA | Sample size (E/C) | Mean age (year) | Male/female (E/C) | Course of disease (year) | Intervention | Duration (day) | Endpoints |
| | Chen 2012 [20] | CHF | III-IV | 47/53 | 69.3 ± 6.9 | NA | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 5 mg/kg bid | 5 | LVEF, BNP | | Du et al. 2016 [21] | CHF | II–IV | 49/49 | 49–79 | 53/45 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 10 | LVEF, BNP, 6MWT | | Guo and Ren 2016 [22] | CHF | II–IV | 52/52 | E: 69 ± 8
C: 68 ± 5 | E: 26/26
C: 28/24 | E: 8.3 ± 6.0
C: 8.3 ± 6.1 | 6 ml bid | 10 | 6MWT, LVEF, BNP | | Han et al. 2012 [23] | CHF | II–IV | 25/21 | E: 65 ± 7
C: 68 ± 6 | E: 15/10
C: 13/8 | NA | 5–10 mg/kg bid | 14 | LVEF, 6MWT | | Han and Gu 2016 [24] | CHF | NA | 136/147 | E: 79 ± 11
C: 77 ± 12 | E: 109/27
C: 122/25 | NA | 4 ml bid | 14 | LVEF, BNP | | Han and Liu 2018 [25] | CHF | II–IV | 56/56 | E: 72.5 ± 11.4
C: 74.3 ± 12.7 | E: 38/18
C: 36/20 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 10 | LVEF | | He 2017 [26] | CHF | II–IV | 47/48 | E: 70.8 ± 7.6
C: 69.6 ± 7.9 | E: 23/24
C: 23/25 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 15 | LVEF, 6MWT | | Li and Li 2015 [27] | CHF | II–IV | 35/30 | E: 62 ± 10
C: 58 ± 8 | E: 20/15
C: 18/12 | NA | 8 ml bid | 15 | LVEF | | Li 2016 [28] | CHF | I–IV | 24/24 | E: 63.3 ± 5.8
C: 63.7 ± 5.2 | E: 16/8
C: 15/9 | E: 7.6 ± 6.5
C: 7.9 ± 6.3 | 5 mg/kg bid | 14 | BNP, LVEF | | Li et al. 2018 [29] | HF | II-III | 100/100 | E: 58.9 ± 7.2
C: 58.4 ± 7.1 | E: 52/48
C: 54/46 | E: 3.4 ± 1.4
C: 3.4 ± 1.5 | 5 mg/kg bid | 5 | BNP | | Liu HL 2018 [30] | CHF | II–IV | 80/42 | E: 67 ± 8
C: 68 ± 10 | E: 38/42
C: 32/48 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 5 | LVEF, 6MWT | | Liu et al. 2018 [31] | CHF | II–IV | 46/46 | E: 60.3 ± 4.0
C: 61.0 ± 4.3 | E: 25/21
C: 27/19 | E: 7.9 ± 1.4
C: 8.0 ± 1.3 | 4 ml bid | 14 | BNP, LVEF | | Liu et al. 2018 [32] | CHF | II–IV | 60/60 | E: 62–84
C: 63–85 | E: 31/29
C: 30/30 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 10 | BNP | | Quan and Miao 2017 [33] | CHF | II–IV | 46/48 | E: 67.6 ± 10.5
C: 65.8 ± 11.4 | E: 35/16
C: 38/13 | E: 37.8 ± 7.5
C: 39.6 ± 8.6 | 5 mg/kg bid | 10 | LVEF, 6MWT | | Shen et al. 2017 [34] | CHF | II–IV | 58/58 | E: 62.8 ± 7.1
C: 61.6 ± 7.8 | E: 34/24
C: 36/22 | E: 8.3 ± 7.5
C: 8.1 ± 7.8 | 4 ml bid | 14 | 6MWT, LVEF | | Shi et al. 2016 [35] | HF | NA | 58/58 | E: 56.2 ± 8.74
C: 55.6 ± 9.18 | E: 28/30
C: 29/29 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 5 | BNP | | Teng and Wang 2017 [36] | CHF | II-III | 40/40 | E: 75.5 ± 3.8
C: 73.4 ± 3.7 | E: 22/18
C: 23/17 | E: 1.7 ± 0.5
C: 1.5 ± 0.3 | 5 mg/kg bid | 5 | LVEF | | Wang et al. 2012 [37] | CHF | III-IV | 24/26 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 10 | LVEF, 6MWT, BNP | | Wu et al. 2017 [38] | HF | NA | 48/42 | E: 54.05 ± 3.96
C: 56.13 ± 4.87 | E: 28/20
C: 31/11 | E: 6.33 ± 0.94
C: 6.01 ± 0.33 | 5 mg/kg bid | 10 | BNP | | Wu and Yang 2015 [39] | HF | III-IV | 50/50 | E: 70 ± 7.5
C: 71 ± 7.1 | E: 30/20
C: 29/21 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 10 | BNP | | Xu and Xu 2016 [40] | CHF | NA | 76/76 | NA | E: 50/26
C: 48/28 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 14 | LVEF, 6MWT | | Xue et al. 2015 [41] | CHF | II-III | 120/115 | E: 63.1 ± 9.80
C: 63.9 ± 9.01 | E: 69/46
C: 60/60 | E: 2.07
C: 2.37 | 5 mg/kg bid | 5 | LVEF, 6MWT | | Xue et al. 2019 [14] | CHF | II-III | 50/50 | E: 63.8 ± 9.46
C: 64.3 ± 7.78 | E: 29/21
C: 27/23 | E: 2.48 ± 2.25
C: 1.90 ± 1.65 | 5 mg/kg bid | 16 | LVEF, 6MWT, BNP | | Yang et al. 2012 [42] | CHF | III-IV | 57/53 | E: 79 ± 10
C: 78 ± 11 | E: 46/11
C: 44/9 | NA | 4 ml bid | 14 | LVEF, BNP | | Yang et al. 2017 [43] | CHF | II–IV | 33/33 | E: 60.2 ± 5.8
C: 61.1 ± 4.5 | E: 18/15
C: 19/14 | E: 3.9 ± 1.2
C: 3.9 ± 1.0 | 5–10 mg/kg bid | 14 | LVEF | | Yuan et al. 2015 [44] | CHF | I–IV | 54/34 | E: 51.5 ± 5.6
C: 52.3 ± 6.0 | E: 30/24
C: 19/15 | E: 2.5 ± 2.3
C: 2.8 ± 3.1 | 5 mg/kg bid | 5 | 6MWT | | Zhao et al. 2014 [45] | CHF | II–IV | 30/30 | E: 41–78
C: 40–76 | E: 13/17
C: 16/14 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 14 | LVEF, 6MWT | | Zhao et al. 2010 [46] | CHF | IV | 131/112 | NA | NA | NA | 5–10 mg/kg bid | 14 | LVEF, BNP | | Jiang et al. 2019 [47] | HF | / | 52/56 | E: 63.1 ± 7.2
C: 62.7 ± 7.6 | E: 29/23
C: 31/25 | E: 7.87 ± 4.2
C: 7.57 ± 5.7 | 5 mg/kg bid | 10 | 6MWT, LVEF | | Li 2019 [48] | CHF | II–IV | 200/60 | E: 63.79 ± 8.82
C: 62.96 ± 9.34 | E: 131/69
C: 40/20 | E: 9.06 ± 2.42
C: 8.96 ± 2.25 | 8 ml qd | 14 | LVEF | | Liu and Zhao 2019 [49] | CHF | I–IV | 42/42 | E: 57.43 ± 6. 45
C: 56.55 ± 5. 94 | E: 25/17
C: 20/22 | NA | 5–10 mg/kg bid | 5 | LVEF | | Zhang and Zhao 2019 [50] | CHF | II–IV | 47/46 | E: 68.85 ± 6.20
C: 69.03 ± 6.31 | E: 27/20
C: 28/18 | NA | 5 mg/kg bid | 14 | LVEF |
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NYHA, New York Heart Association; E, experimental group; C, control group; CHF, chronic heart failure; HF, heart failure, NA, not applicable; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; 6MWT, 6-minute walk test; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; IVST, interventricular septal thickness.
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