Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts from Different Parts of Zilla spinosa (L.) Prantl

Table 1

Preliminary phytochemical profile of the aerial parts and roots of Z. spinosa.

Phytochemical components	Test/reagent	Z. spinosa
		Aerial parts	Roots
Alkaloids	Mayer	−/+	+/+
	Wagner
Glycosides	Liebermann	+/+	–/+
	Keller–Kiliani
Saponins	Foam test	+	+
Triterpenes/sterols	Liebermann–Burchard	+/+	−/+
	Salkowski
Tannins and phenols	Ferric chloride	−/+	+/+
	Lead acetate
Flavonoids	Alkaline reagent	−/+	+/+
	Shinoda
Anthraquinones	Borntrager	−	−

+, one test was conducted and it gave a positive result; −, one test was conducted and it gave a negative result; +/+, two different tests were conducted and both gave positive results; −/+, two different tests were conducted and one gave a negative and the other gave a positive result; −/−, two different tests were conducted and both gave negative results.