Efficacy and Safety of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Summary of findings tables of DHJSD for PMOP.

Outcomes	Anticipated absolute effects (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	Participants (studies)	Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)
	Risk with conventional therapies	Risk with Duhuo Jisheng decoction
	Study population
Clinical effective rate	748 per 1,000	920 per 1,000 (793–1,000)	RR 1.23 (1.06, 1.42)	650 (8 RCTs)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low
BDM of the lumbar spine	The mean BDM of the lumbar spine was 0	MD 0.46 higher (0.24 higher–0.68 higher)	—	330 (4 RCTs)	⊕⊕⊝⊝ Low
BGP	The mean BGP was 0	MD 0.84 lower (1.69 lower–0)	—	370 (5 RCTs)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low
E2	The mean E2 was 0	SMD 0.49 higher (0.3 higher–0.68 higher)	—	470 (6 RCTs)<	⊕⊕⊝⊝ Low

⊕ means high quality, and ⊖ means low quality. These two symbols come from the GRADE system. They are used to classify the certainty of evidence. For a piece of evidence, the more the patient-important outcomes we are confident, the more the symbol “⊕” will be show. The GRADE system classifies the certainty of evidence as follows: high further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimation of effect. Moderate further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimation of effect and may change the estimate. Low further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimation of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low means any estimate of effect is very uncertain.